चन्दन
Hindi
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- চন্দন (Assamese script)
- ᬘᬦ᭄ᬤᬦ (Balinese script)
- চন্দন (Bengali script)
- 𑰓𑰡𑰿𑰟𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀘𑀦𑁆𑀤𑀦 (Brahmi script)
- စန္ဒန (Burmese script)
- ચન્દન (Gujarati script)
- ਚਨ੍ਦਨ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌚𑌨𑍍𑌦𑌨 (Grantha script)
- ꦕꦤ꧀ꦢꦤ (Javanese script)
- 𑂒𑂢𑂹𑂠𑂢 (Kaithi script)
- ಚನ್ದನ (Kannada script)
- ចន្ទន (Khmer script)
- ຈນ຺ທນ (Lao script)
- ചന്ദന (Malayalam script)
- ᢜᠠᠨᡩᠠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘓𑘡𑘿𑘟𑘡 (Modi script)
- ᢋᠠᠨᢑᠠᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦳𑧁𑧠𑦿𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐔𑐣𑑂𑐡𑐣 (Newa script)
- ଚନ୍ଦନ (Odia script)
- ꢗꢥ꣄ꢣꢥ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆖𑆤𑇀𑆢𑆤 (Sharada script)
- 𑖓𑖡𑖿𑖟𑖡 (Siddham script)
- චන්දන (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩡𑩯 𑪙𑩭𑩯 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚏𑚝𑚶𑚛𑚝 (Takri script)
- சந்த³ந (Tamil script)
- చన్దన (Telugu script)
- จนฺทน (Thai script)
- ཙ་ནྡ་ན (Tibetan script)
- 𑒔𑒢𑓂𑒠𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨣𑨝𑩇𑨛𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Usually derived from चन्दति (candati, “to shine”), but probably a Dravidian borrowing: compare Tamil சாந்து (cāntu, “Santalum tree”), சாந்தம் (cāntam, “sandalwood”), Malayalam ചാന്ത് (cāntŭ, “sandal paste”).
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of चन्दन | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | चन्दनः (candanaḥ) | ||
| Gen. sg. | चन्दनस्य (candanasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | चन्दनः (candanaḥ) | चन्दनौ (candanau) | चन्दनाः (candanāḥ) |
| Vocative | चन्दन (candana) | चन्दनौ (candanau) | चन्दनाः (candanāḥ) |
| Accusative | चन्दनम् (candanam) | चन्दनौ (candanau) | चन्दनान् (candanān) |
| Instrumental | चन्दनेन (candanena) | चन्दनाभ्याम् (candanābhyām) | चन्दनैः (candanaiḥ) |
| Dative | चन्दनाय (candanāya) | चन्दनाभ्याम् (candanābhyām) | चन्दनेभ्यः (candanebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | चन्दनात् (candanāt) | चन्दनाभ्याम् (candanābhyām) | चन्दनेभ्यः (candanebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | चन्दनस्य (candanasya) | चन्दनयोः (candanayoḥ) | चन्दनानाम् (candanānām) |
| Locative | चन्दने (candane) | चन्दनयोः (candanayoḥ) | चन्दनेषु (candaneṣu) |
Descendants
- Assamese: চন্দন (sondon)
- Bengali: চন্দন (condon)
- Gandhari: 𐨕𐨣𐨞 (canaṇa), 𐨕𐨎𐨡𐨣𐨎 (caṃdanaṃ)
- Gujarati: ચંદન (candan)
- Hindi: चन्दन (candan)
- Punjabi: ਚੰਦਨ (candan)
- → Old Armenian: ճանդան (čandan) (via an Iranian language)
- → Armenian: ճանդան (čandan)
- → Middle Chinese: 栴檀 (t͡ɕiᴇn dɑn /t͡ɕiᴇn dɑn/)
- → Byzantine Greek: τζανδάναν (tzandánan) (in Cosmas Indicopleustes)
- → Kannada: ಚಂದನ (candana)
- → Lao: ຈັນ (chan)
- → Malay: cendana
- Indonesian: cendana
- → Middle Persian: [script needed] (cndl /čandal/)
- → Mongolian: зандан (zandan), ᠽᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ (zandan)
- → Old Turkic: 𐰲𐰃𐰣𐱃𐰣 (čïntan)
- → Pashto: چندنړ (čandaṛṇ)
- → Sogdian: 𐼿𐼻𐽂𐼻 (cntn /*čandan/)
- → Tamil: சந்தனம் (cantaṉam)
- → Malayalam: ചന്ദനം (candanaṁ)
- → Telugu: చందనము (candanamu)
- → Thai: จันทน์ (jan)
- → Classical Tibetan: ཙན་དན (tsan dan)
- → Tocharian B: cantāṃ
References
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 373
- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “ճանդան”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 183b
- Martirosyan, Hrach (2014) “Armenian čandari ‘plane tree’”, in Iran and the Caucasus, volume 18, number 1, pages 51–63
- Lokotsch, Karl (1927) Etymologisches Wörterbuch der europäischen Wörter orientalischen Ursprungs (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, § 1825, page 145a
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