गन्ध
See also: गन्धि
Hindi
Pali
Alternative forms
Declension
Declension table of "गन्ध" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | गन्धो (gandho) | गन्धा (gandhā) |
| Accusative (second) | गन्धं (gandhaṃ) | गन्धे (gandhe) |
| Instrumental (third) | गन्धेन (gandhena) | गन्धेहि (gandhehi) or गन्धेभि (gandhebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | गन्धस्स (gandhassa) or गन्धाय (gandhāya) or गन्धत्थं (gandhatthaṃ) | गन्धानं (gandhānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | गन्धस्मा (gandhasmā) or गन्धम्हा (gandhamhā) or गन्धा (gandhā) | गन्धेहि (gandhehi) or गन्धेभि (gandhebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | गन्धस्स (gandhassa) | गन्धानं (gandhānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | गन्धस्मिं (gandhasmiṃ) or गन्धम्हि (gandhamhi) or गन्धे (gandhe) | गन्धेसु (gandhesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | गन्ध (gandha) | गन्धा (gandhā) |
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- গন্ধ (Assamese script)
- ᬕᬦ᭄ᬥ (Balinese script)
- গন্ধ (Bengali script)
- 𑰐𑰡𑰿𑰠 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀕𑀦𑁆𑀥 (Brahmi script)
- ဂန္ဓ (Burmese script)
- ગન્ધ (Gujarati script)
- ਗਨ੍ਧ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌗𑌨𑍍𑌧 (Grantha script)
- ꦒꦤ꧀ꦣ (Javanese script)
- 𑂏𑂢𑂹𑂡 (Kaithi script)
- ಗನ್ಧ (Kannada script)
- គន្ធ (Khmer script)
- ຄນ຺ຘ (Lao script)
- ഗന്ധ (Malayalam script)
- ᡤᠠᠨᢡᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘐𑘡𑘿𑘠 (Modi script)
- ᠺᠠᠨᢑᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦰𑧁𑧠𑧀 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐐𑐣𑑂𑐢 (Newa script)
- ଗନ୍ଧ (Odia script)
- ꢔꢥ꣄ꢤ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆓𑆤𑇀𑆣 (Sharada script)
- 𑖐𑖡𑖿𑖠 (Siddham script)
- ගන්ධ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩞𑩯 𑪙𑩮 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚌𑚝𑚶𑚜 (Takri script)
- க³ந்த⁴ (Tamil script)
- గన్ధ (Telugu script)
- คนฺธ (Thai script)
- ག་ནྡྷ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒑𑒢𑓂𑒡 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨍𑨝𑩇𑨜 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *g(ʰ)andʰ- (“to smell”); further etymology unknown, and likely a borrowing, perhaps from the BMAC substrate.[1] Alternative theories consider a relation to गध्य (gadhya, “to be seized or gained as booty”), citing a semantic parallel with सुरभि (surabhi, “sweet-smelling, fragrant”, literally “seizing pleasantly”) and its root रभ् (rabh, “to grasp”).[2] Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬌 (gaiṇti, “stench”), 𐬛𐬎𐬲𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬌 (dužgaiṇti, “smelling badly”), Sogdian γnt (“stench”), Persian گنده (gande, “stench”), Northern Luri گںن (gən).
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of गन्ध (gandhá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | गन्धः gandháḥ |
गन्धौ / गन्धा¹ gandhaú / gandhā́¹ |
गन्धाः / गन्धासः¹ gandhā́ḥ / gandhā́saḥ¹ |
| Vocative | गन्ध gándha |
गन्धौ / गन्धा¹ gándhau / gándhā¹ |
गन्धाः / गन्धासः¹ gándhāḥ / gándhāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | गन्धम् gandhám |
गन्धौ / गन्धा¹ gandhaú / gandhā́¹ |
गन्धान् gandhā́n |
| Instrumental | गन्धेन gandhéna |
गन्धाभ्याम् gandhā́bhyām |
गन्धैः / गन्धेभिः¹ gandhaíḥ / gandhébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | गन्धाय gandhā́ya |
गन्धाभ्याम् gandhā́bhyām |
गन्धेभ्यः gandhébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | गन्धात् gandhā́t |
गन्धाभ्याम् gandhā́bhyām |
गन्धेभ्यः gandhébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | गन्धस्य gandhásya |
गन्धयोः gandháyoḥ |
गन्धानाम् gandhā́nām |
| Locative | गन्धे gandhé |
गन्धयोः gandháyoḥ |
गन्धेषु gandhéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “गन्ध”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 345/1.
- Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 103-104
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 461-2
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