कासते

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

কাসতে (Assamese script)
ᬓᬵᬲᬢᬾ (Balinese script)
কাসতে (Bengali script)
𑰎𑰯𑰭𑰝𑰸 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀓𑀸𑀲𑀢𑁂 (Brahmi script)
ကာသတေ (Burmese script)
કાસતે (Gujarati script)
ਕਾਸਤੇ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌕𑌾𑌸𑌤𑍇 (Grantha script)
ꦏꦴꦱꦠꦺ (Javanese script)
𑂍𑂰𑂮𑂞𑂵 (Kaithi script)
ಕಾಸತೇ (Kannada script)
កាសតេ (Khmer script)
ກາສເຕ (Lao script)
കാസതേ (Malayalam script)
ᡬᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠰ᠌ᠠᢠᡝ (Manchu script)
𑘎𑘰𑘭𑘝𑘹 (Modi script)
ᢉᠠᢗᠰᠠᢐᠧ (Mongolian script)
𑦮𑧑𑧍𑦽𑧚 (Nandinagari script)
𑐎𑐵𑐳𑐟𑐾 (Newa script)
କାସତେ (Odia script)
ꢒꢵꢱꢡꢾ (Saurashtra script)
𑆑𑆳𑆱𑆠𑆼 (Sharada script)
𑖎𑖯𑖭𑖝𑖸 (Siddham script)
කාසතෙ (Sinhalese script)
𑩜𑩛𑪁𑩫𑩔 (Soyombo script)
𑚊𑚭𑚨𑚙𑚲 (Takri script)
காஸதே (Tamil script)
కాసతే (Telugu script)
กาสเต (Thai script)
ཀཱ་ས་ཏེ (Tibetan script)
𑒏𑒰𑒮𑒞𑒹 (Tirhuta script)
𑨋𑨊𑨰𑨙𑨄 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *káHsatay, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₂s- (“to cough”). Cognate with Latvian kāss, Russian ка́шель (kášelʹ), Irish casacht, Old English hwōsan.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /kɑ́ː.sɐ.tɐj/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑː.s̪ɐ.t̪eː/

Verb

कासते • (kā́sate) third-singular present indicative (root कास्, class 1, type A)

to cough

Conjugation

Present: कासते (kā́sate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	- -	- -	- -	कासते kā́sate	कासेते kā́sete	कासन्ते kā́sante
Second	- -	- -	- -	काससे kā́sase	कासेथे kā́sethe	कासध्वे kā́sadhve
First	- -	- -	- -	कासे kā́se	कासावहे kā́sāvahe	कासामहे kā́sāmahe
Imperative
Third	- -	- -	- -	कासताम् kā́satām	कासेताम् kā́setām	कासन्ताम् kā́santām
Second	- -	- -	- -	कासस्व kā́sasva	कासेथाम् kā́sethām	कासध्वम् kā́sadhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	कासै kā́sai	कासावहै kā́sāvahai	कासामहै kā́sāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	- -	- -	- -	कासेत kā́seta	कासेयाताम् kā́seyātām	कासेरन् kā́seran
Second	- -	- -	- -	कासेथाः kā́sethāḥ	कासेयाथाम् kā́seyāthām	कासेध्वम् kā́sedhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	कासेय kā́seya	कासेवहि kā́sevahi	कासेमहि kā́semahi
Participles
	- -			कासमान kā́samāna

Imperfect: अकासत (ákāsata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	- -	- -	- -	अकासत ákāsata	अकासेताम् ákāsetām	अकासन्त ákāsanta
Second	- -	- -	- -	अकासथाः ákāsathāḥ	अकासेथाम् ákāsethām	अकासध्वम् ákāsadhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	अकासे ákāse	अकासावहि ákāsāvahi	अकासामहि ákāsāmahi

Descendants

Dardic:
- Phalura:
  Perso-Arabic: کُھوسی
  
  Latin: khuusíi
Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀲𑀇 (kāsaï)
- Eastern:
  - Magadhi Prakrit:
    - Assamese: কাহা (kaha)
    - Bengali: কাশা (kaśa)
    - Odia: କାଶିବା (kaśiba)
- Southern:
  - Helu Prakrit:
    - Dhivehi: ކެއްސަނީ (kessanī)
    - Sinhalese: කහිනවා (kahinawā)
  - ⇒ Maharastri Prakrit: *𑀓𑀸𑀲-𑀮-𑀇 (*kāsa-la-i)
    - Old Marathi: kāsaḷaṇē (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀮- (-la-))
      Devanagari script: कासळणे
      
      Modi script: 𑘎𑘰𑘭𑘯𑘜𑘹
Prakrit: 𑀔𑀸𑀲𑀇 (khāsaï) (with onomatopoeic 𑀔 (kha))
- Central:
  - Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
    - Hindustani: khā̃snā
      - Hindi: खाँसना
      - Urdu: کھان٘سْنا (khā̃snā)
- Western:
  - Sauraseni Prakrit:
    - Gurjar Apabhramsa:
      - Gujarati: ખાંસવું (khā̃svũ)
      - Marwari: खांसणौ (khānsṇau)

References

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kāˊsatē”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 160

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