कषाय

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

কষায় (Assamese script)
ᬓᬱᬵᬬ (Balinese script)
কষায় (Bengali script)
𑰎𑰬𑰯𑰧 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀓𑀱𑀸𑀬 (Brahmi script)
ကၑာယ (Burmese script)
કષાય (Gujarati script)
ਕਸ਼ਾਯ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌕𑌷𑌾𑌯 (Grantha script)
ꦏꦰꦴꦪ (Javanese script)
𑂍𑂭𑂰𑂨 (Kaithi script)
ಕಷಾಯ (Kannada script)
កឞាយ (Khmer script)
ກຩາຍ (Lao script)
കഷായ (Malayalam script)
ᡬᠠᢢᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘎𑘬𑘰𑘧 (Modi script)
ᢉᠠᢔᠠᢗᠶ᠋ᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦮𑧌𑧑𑧇 (Nandinagari script)
𑐎𑐲𑐵𑐫 (Newa script)
କଷାଯ (Odia script)
ꢒꢰꢵꢫ (Saurashtra script)
𑆑𑆰𑆳𑆪 (Sharada script)
𑖎𑖬𑖯𑖧 (Siddham script)
කෂාය (Sinhalese script)
𑩜𑪀𑩛𑩻 (Soyombo script)
𑚊𑚭𑚣 (Takri script)
கஷாய (Tamil script)
కషాయ (Telugu script)
กษาย (Thai script)
ཀ་ཥཱ་ཡ (Tibetan script)
𑒏𑒭𑒰𑒨 (Tirhuta script)
𑨋𑨯𑨊𑨪 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Of unclear origin.

Traditionally derived from the root कष् (kaṣ, “to rub, scrape”); however, this is semantically doubtful.

Turner takes the variety of suffixes found in the word's descendants as evidence of a substrate, probably Proto-Dravidian *kac-, borrowing; compare Telugu కసు (kasu, “raw, unripe”). Mayrhofer, on the other hand, takes it as evidence of Indo-European origin (particularly with the word's Vedic presence), and gives काषण (kāṣaṇa, “unripe”) as the true Dravidian borrowing and cognate of the above Telugu term.

Whether the "astringent" and "red" meanings are etymologically connected is uncertain.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /kɐ.ʂɑː.jɐ/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /kɐˈʂɑː.jɐ/

Adjective

कषाय • (kaṣāya)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of कषाय (kaṣāya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	कषायः kaṣāyaḥ	कषायौ / कषाया¹ kaṣāyau / kaṣāyā¹	कषायाः / कषायासः¹ kaṣāyāḥ / kaṣāyāsaḥ¹
Vocative	कषाय kaṣāya	कषायौ / कषाया¹ kaṣāyau / kaṣāyā¹	कषायाः / कषायासः¹ kaṣāyāḥ / kaṣāyāsaḥ¹
Accusative	कषायम् kaṣāyam	कषायौ / कषाया¹ kaṣāyau / kaṣāyā¹	कषायान् kaṣāyān
Instrumental	कषायेण kaṣāyeṇa	कषायाभ्याम् kaṣāyābhyām	कषायैः / कषायेभिः¹ kaṣāyaiḥ / kaṣāyebhiḥ¹
Dative	कषायाय kaṣāyāya	कषायाभ्याम् kaṣāyābhyām	कषायेभ्यः kaṣāyebhyaḥ
Ablative	कषायात् kaṣāyāt	कषायाभ्याम् kaṣāyābhyām	कषायेभ्यः kaṣāyebhyaḥ
Genitive	कषायस्य kaṣāyasya	कषाययोः kaṣāyayoḥ	कषायाणाम् kaṣāyāṇām
Locative	कषाये kaṣāye	कषाययोः kaṣāyayoḥ	कषायेषु kaṣāyeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of कषया (kaṣayā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	कषया kaṣayā	कषये kaṣaye	कषयाः kaṣayāḥ
Vocative	कषये kaṣaye	कषये kaṣaye	कषयाः kaṣayāḥ
Accusative	कषयाम् kaṣayām	कषये kaṣaye	कषयाः kaṣayāḥ
Instrumental	कषयया / कषया¹ kaṣayayā / kaṣayā¹	कषयाभ्याम् kaṣayābhyām	कषयाभिः kaṣayābhiḥ
Dative	कषयायै kaṣayāyai	कषयाभ्याम् kaṣayābhyām	कषयाभ्यः kaṣayābhyaḥ
Ablative	कषयायाः / कषयायै² kaṣayāyāḥ / kaṣayāyai²	कषयाभ्याम् kaṣayābhyām	कषयाभ्यः kaṣayābhyaḥ
Genitive	कषयायाः / कषयायै² kaṣayāyāḥ / kaṣayāyai²	कषययोः kaṣayayoḥ	कषयाणाम् kaṣayāṇām
Locative	कषयायाम् kaṣayāyām	कषययोः kaṣayayoḥ	कषयासु kaṣayāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of कषाय (kaṣāya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	कषायम् kaṣāyam	कषाये kaṣāye	कषायाणि / कषाया¹ kaṣāyāṇi / kaṣāyā¹
Vocative	कषाय kaṣāya	कषाये kaṣāye	कषायाणि / कषाया¹ kaṣāyāṇi / kaṣāyā¹
Accusative	कषायम् kaṣāyam	कषाये kaṣāye	कषायाणि / कषाया¹ kaṣāyāṇi / kaṣāyā¹
Instrumental	कषायेण kaṣāyeṇa	कषायाभ्याम् kaṣāyābhyām	कषायैः / कषायेभिः¹ kaṣāyaiḥ / kaṣāyebhiḥ¹
Dative	कषायाय kaṣāyāya	कषायाभ्याम् kaṣāyābhyām	कषायेभ्यः kaṣāyebhyaḥ
Ablative	कषायात् kaṣāyāt	कषायाभ्याम् kaṣāyābhyām	कषायेभ्यः kaṣāyebhyaḥ
Genitive	कषायस्य kaṣāyasya	कषाययोः kaṣāyayoḥ	कषायाणाम् kaṣāyāṇām
Locative	कषाये kaṣāye	कषाययोः kaṣāyayoḥ	कषायेषु kaṣāyeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Noun

कषाय • (kaṣāya) stem, m

an astringent extract of juice
decoction, infusion
dirt, filth
stain, impurity
dullness, stupidity
a dull or yellowish red garment or robe in Buddhism, a kashaya

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of कषाय (kaṣāya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	कषायः kaṣāyaḥ	कषायौ / कषाया¹ kaṣāyau / kaṣāyā¹	कषायाः / कषायासः¹ kaṣāyāḥ / kaṣāyāsaḥ¹
Vocative	कषाय kaṣāya	कषायौ / कषाया¹ kaṣāyau / kaṣāyā¹	कषायाः / कषायासः¹ kaṣāyāḥ / kaṣāyāsaḥ¹
Accusative	कषायम् kaṣāyam	कषायौ / कषाया¹ kaṣāyau / kaṣāyā¹	कषायान् kaṣāyān
Instrumental	कषायेण kaṣāyeṇa	कषायाभ्याम् kaṣāyābhyām	कषायैः / कषायेभिः¹ kaṣāyaiḥ / kaṣāyebhiḥ¹
Dative	कषायाय kaṣāyāya	कषायाभ्याम् kaṣāyābhyām	कषायेभ्यः kaṣāyebhyaḥ
Ablative	कषायात् kaṣāyāt	कषायाभ्याम् kaṣāyābhyām	कषायेभ्यः kaṣāyebhyaḥ
Genitive	कषायस्य kaṣāyasya	कषाययोः kaṣāyayoḥ	कषायाणाम् kaṣāyāṇām
Locative	कषाये kaṣāye	कषाययोः kaṣāyayoḥ	कषायेषु kaṣāyeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

References

Monier Williams (1899) “कषाय”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0265/3.
Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “कषाय”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “कषाय”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 332
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 190-1
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kaṣāya”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

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