उभिनु
Nepali
Etymology
Inherited from Prakrit 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀇 (ubbhei), from 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪 (ubbha) + -𑀏𑀇 (-ei), from Sanskrit ऊर्ध्व (ūrdhvá).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ubinu]
- Phonetic Devanagari: उबिनु
- Hyphenation: उ‧भि‧नु
Conjugation
Conjugation of उभिनु [ubʱinu]
| Information | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stem | उभि- [ubʱi-] | |||
| Conjugation type | 2nd conjugation: vowel-ending stem, regular. | |||
| Derivatives | ||||
| I-stem (Passive) |
उभिइनु [ubʱiinu] | |||
| Causative | उभ्याउनु [ubʱjäunu] | |||
| Non-finite forms | ||||
| Infinitives | उभिनु [ubʱinu] उभिन [ubʱinʌ] | |||
| Participles | Affirmative (+) | Negative (–) | ||
| Conjunctive | उभिएर [ubʱieɾʌ] उभिई [ubʱii] उभिईकन [ubʱiikʌnʌ] | नउभिएर [nʌ ͜ ubʱieɾʌ] नउभिई [nʌ ͜ ubʱii] नउभिईकन [nʌ ͜ ubʱiikʌnʌ] | ||
| 1st Perfect | m. sing. | उभिएको [ubʱieko] | नउभिएको [nʌ ͜ ubʱieko] | |
| f. sing. | उभिएकी [ubʱieki] | नउभिएकी [nʌ ͜ ubʱieki] | ||
| pl. | उभिएका [ubʱiekä] | नउभिएका [nʌ ͜ ubʱiekä] | ||
| high-resp. | उभिनुभएको [ubʱinu ͜ bʱʌeko] | नउभिनुभएको [nʌ ͜ ubʱinu ͜ bʱʌeko] | ||
| 2nd Perfect | normal | उभिए [ubʱie] | नउभिए [nʌ ͜ ubʱie] | |
| high-resp. | उभिनुभए [ubʱinu ͜ bʱʌe] | नउभिनुभए [nʌ ͜ ubʱinu ͜ bʱʌe] | ||
| Imperfect | normal | उभिदा [ubʱid̪ä] उभिदै [ubʱid̪ʌi̯] उभिदो [ubʱid̪o] | नउभिदा [nʌ ͜ ubʱid̪ä] नउभिदै [nʌ ͜ ubʱid̪ʌi̯] नउभिदो [nʌ ͜ ubʱid̪o] | |
| high-resp. | उभिनुहुँदा [ubʱinuɦũd̪ä] उभिनुहुँदै [ubʱinuɦũd̪ʌi̯] उभिनुहुँदो [ubʱinuɦũd̪o] | नउभिनुहुँदा [nʌ ͜ ubʱinuɦũd̪ä] नउभिनुहुँदै [nʌ ͜ ubʱinuɦũd̪ʌi̯] नउभिनुहुँदो [nʌ ͜ ubʱinuɦũd̪o] | ||
| Infinitival | normal | उभिने [ubʱine] | नउभिने [nʌ ͜ ubʱine] | |
| high-resp. | उभिनुहुने [ubʱinuɦune] | नउभिनुहुने [nʌ ͜ ubʱinuɦune] | ||
| Absolutive | उभिइ [ubʱii] | |||
| Finite forms of उभिनु [ubʱinu] | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 2nd & 3rd | |||||||||||
| Pronoun | म SING. |
हामी PL. |
तँ LOW-RESP. SING. |
तिमी MID-RESP. |
ऊ LOW-RESP. SING. |
उनी MID-RESP. |
तपाईं / ऊहाँ HIGH-RESP. | ||||||||
| m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | ||||
| Present | + | उभिन्छु [ubʱint͡sʰu] | उभिन्छौं [ubʱint͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯] | उभिन्छस् [ubʱint͡sʰʌs] | उभिन्छेस् [ubʱint͡sʰes] | उभिन्छौ [ubʱint͡sʰʌu̯] | उभिन्छ्यौ [ubʱint͡sʰeu̯] | उभिन्छ [ubʱint͡sʰʌʌ] | उभिन्छे [ubʱint͡sʰe] | उभिन्छन् [ubʱint͡sʰʌn] | उभिन्छिन् [ubʱint͡sʰin] | उभिनुहुन्छ [ubʱinuɦunt͡sʰʌ] | |||
| – | उभिँदिनँ [ubʱĩd̪inʌ̃] | उभिँदैनौं [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌ̃ũ̯] | उभिँदैनस् [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌs] | उभिँदिनेस् [ubʱĩd̪ines] | उभिँदैनौ [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌu̯] | उभिँदिनौ [ubʱĩd̪inʌu̯] | उभिँदैन [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌ] | उभिँदिने [ubʱĩd̪ine] | उभिँदैनन् [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌn] | उभिँदिनन् [ubʱĩd̪inʌn] | उभिनुहुँदैन [ubʱinuɦũd̪ʌi̯nʌ] | ||||
| उभिन्नँ [ubʱinnʌ̃] | उभिन्नौं [ubʱinnʌ̃ũ̯] | उभिन्नस् [ubʱinnʌs] | उभिन्नौ [ubʱinnʌu̯] | उभिन्न [ubʱinnʌ] | उभिन्नन् [ubʱinnʌn] | उभिनुहुन्न [ubʱinuɦunnʌ] | |||||||||
| Past | Simple | + | उभिएं [ubʱiẽ] | उभियौं [ubʱiẽũ̯] | उभिइस् [ubʱiis] | उभियौ [ubʱieu̯] | उभियो [ubʱijo] | उभिई [ubʱii] | उभिए [ubʱie] | उभिइन् [ubʱiin] | उभिनुभयो [ubʱinu ͜ bʱʌjo] | ||||
| – | उभिइनँ [ubʱiinʌ̃] | उभिएनौं [ubʱienʌ̃ũ̯] | उभिएनस् [ubʱienʌs] | उभिइनेस् [ubʱiines] | उभिएनौ [ubʱienʌu̯] | उभिएन [ubʱienʌ] | उभिइने [ubʱiine] | उभिएनन् [ubʱienʌn] | उभिइनन् [ubʱiinʌn] | उभिनुभएन [ubʱinu ͜ bʱʌenʌ] | |||||
| Habitual | + | उभिन्थें [ubʱin̪t̪ʰẽ] | उभिन्थ्यौं [ubʱin̪t̪ʰẽũ̯] | उभिन्थिस् [ubʱin̪t̪ʰis] | उभिन्थ्यौ [ubʱin̪t̪ʰeu̯] | उभिन्थ्यो [ubʱin̪t̪ʰjo] | उभिन्थी [ubʱin̪t̪ʰi] | उभिन्थे [ubʱin̪t̪ʰe] | उभिन्थिन् [ubʱin̪t̪ʰin] | उभिनुहुन्थ्यो [ubʱinuɦun̪t̪ʰjo] | |||||
| – | उभिँदिनथें [ubʱĩd̪inʌt̪ʰẽ] | उभिँदैनथ्यौं [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰẽũ̯] | उभिँदैनथिस् [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰis] | उभिँदिनथिस् [ubʱĩd̪inʌt̪ʰis] | उभिँदैनथ्यौ [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰeu̯] | उभिँदिनथ्यौ [ubʱĩd̪inʌt̪ʰeu̯] | उभिँदैनथ्यो [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰjo] | उभिँदैनथी [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰi] | उभिँदैनथे [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰe] | उभिँदिनथिन् [ubʱĩd̪inʌt̪ʰin] | उभिनुहुँदैनथ्यो [ubʱinuɦũd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰjo] | ||||
| उभिन्नथें [ubʱinnʌt̪ʰẽ] | उभिन्नथ्यौं [ubʱinnʌt̪ʰẽũ̯] | उभिन्नथिस् [ubʱinnʌt̪ʰis] | उभिन्नथ्यौ [ubʱinnʌt̪ʰeu̯] | उभिन्नथ्यो [ubʱinnʌt̪ʰjo] | उभिन्नथी [ubʱinnʌt̪ʰi] | उभिन्नथे [ubʱinnʌt̪ʰe] | उभिन्नथिन् [ubʱinnʌt̪ʰin] | उभिनुहुन्नथ्यो [ubʱinuɦunnʌt̪ʰjo] | |||||||
| Unknown | + | उभिएछु [ubʱiet͡sʰu] | उभिइछु [ubʱiit͡sʰu] | उभिएछौं [ubʱiet͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯] | उभिएछस् [ubʱiet͡sʰʌs] | उभिइछेस् [ubʱiit͡sʰes] | उभिएछौ [ubʱiet͡sʰʌu̯] | उभिएछ [ubʱiet͡sʰʌ] | उभिइछे [ubʱiit͡sʰe] | उभिएछन् [ubʱiet͡sʰʌn] | उभिइछिन् [ubʱiit͡sʰin] | उभिनुभएछ [ubʱinu ͜ bʱʌet͡sʰʌ] | |||
| – | उभिएनछु [ubʱienʌt͡sʰu] | उभिइनछु [ubʱiinʌt͡sʰu] | उभिएनछौं [ubʱienʌt͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯] | उभिएनछस् [ubʱienʌt͡sʰʌs] | उभिइनछेस् [ubʱiinʌt͡sʰes] | उभिएनछौ [ubʱienʌt͡sʰʌu̯] | उभिएनछ [ubʱienʌt͡sʰʌ] | उभिइनछे [ubʱiinʌt͡sʰe] | उभिएनछन् [ubʱienʌt͡sʰʌn] | उभिइनछिन् [ubʱiinʌt͡sʰin] | उभिनुभएनछ [ubʱinu ͜ bʱʌenʌt͡sʰʌ] | ||||
| Future | Definite | + | उभिनेछु [ubʱinet͡sʰu] | उभिनेछौं [ubʱinet͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯] | उभिनेछस् [ubʱinet͡sʰʌs] | उभिनेछेस् [ubʱinet͡sʰes] | उभिनेछौ [ubʱinet͡sʰʌu̯] | उभिनेछ्यौ [ubʱinet͡sʰeu̯] | उभिनेछ [ubʱinet͡sʰʌ] | उभिनेछे [ubʱinet͡sʰe] | उभिनेछन् [ubʱinet͡sʰʌn] | उभिनेछिन् [ubʱinet͡sʰin] | उभिनुहुनेछ [ubʱinuɦunet͡sʰʌ] | ||
| – | उभिनेछैनँ [ubʱinet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ̃] | उभिनेछैनौं [ubʱinet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ̃ũ̯] | उभिनेछैनस् [ubʱinet͡sʰʌi̯nʌs] | उभिनेछैनेस् [ubʱinet͡sʰʌi̯nes] | उभिनेछैनौ [ubʱinet͡sʰʌi̯nʌu̯] | उभिनेछैन [ubʱinet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ] | उभिनेछैनन् [ubʱinet͡sʰʌi̯nʌn] | उभिनुहुनेछैन [ubʱinuɦunet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ] | |||||||
| Indefinite | + | उभिउँला [ubʱiũlä] | उभिउँली [ubʱiũli] | उभिऔंला [ubʱiʌ̃ũ̯lä] | उभिएलास् [ubʱieläs] | उभिएलिस् [ubʱielis] | उभिऔला, उभिएलाउ [ubʱiʌu̯lä, ubʱieläu̯] | उभिऔली, उभिएलेउ [ubʱiʌu̯li, ubʱieleu̯] | उभिएला [ubʱielä] | उभिएली [ubʱieli] | उभिएलान्, उभिएनन् [ubʱielän, ubʱienʌn] | उभिएलिन्, उभिएनिन् [ubʱielin, ubʱienin] | उभिनुहोला [ubʱinuɦolä] | ||
| – | उभिओइनँ [ubʱioi̯nʌ̃] | उभिओइनौं [ubʱioi̯nʌ̃ũ̯] | उभिओइनस् [ubʱioi̯nʌs] | उभिओइनौ [ubʱioi̯nʌu̯] | उभिओइन [ubʱioi̯nʌ] | उभिओइनन् [ubʱioi̯nʌn] | उभिनुहोओइन [ubʱinuɦooi̯nʌ] | ||||||||
| नउभिउँला [nʌ ͜ ubʱiũlä] | नउभिउँली [nʌ ͜ ubʱiũli] | नउभिऔंला [nʌ ͜ ubʱiʌ̃ũ̯lä] | नउभिएलास् [nʌ ͜ ubʱieläs] | नउभिएलिस् [nʌ ͜ ubʱielis] | नउभिऔला, नउभिएलाउ [nʌ ͜ ubʱiʌu̯lä, nʌ ͜ ubʱieläu̯] | नउभिऔली, नउभिएलेउ [nʌ ͜ ubʱiʌu̯li, nʌ ͜ ubʱieleu̯] | नउभिएला [nʌ ͜ ubʱielä] | नउभिएली [nʌ ͜ ubʱieli] | नउभिएलान्, नउभिएनन् [nʌ ͜ ubʱielän, nʌ ͜ ubʱienʌn] | नउभिएलिन्, नउभिएनिन् [nʌ ͜ ubʱielin, nʌ ͜ ubʱienin] | नउभिनुहोला [nʌ ͜ ubʱinuɦolä] | ||||
| Injunctive | + | उभिऊँ [ubʱiũ] | उभिऔं, उभिऊँ [ubʱiʌ̃ũ̯, ubʱiũ] | उभि, उभिएस्, उभिए [ubʱi, ubʱies, ubʱie] | उभिऊ, उभिओ, उभिए [ubʱiu, ubʱio, ubʱie] | उभिओस् [ubʱios] | उभिऊन् [ubʱiun] | उभिनुहोओस् [ubʱinuɦoos] | |||||||
| – | नउभिऊँ [nʌ ͜ ubʱiũ] | नउभिऔं, नउभिऊँ [nʌ ͜ ubʱiʌ̃ũ̯, nʌ ͜ ubʱiũ] | नउभि, नउभिएस्, नउभिए [nʌ ͜ ubʱi, nʌ ͜ ubʱies, nʌ ͜ ubʱie] | नउभिऊ, नउभिओ, नउभिए [nʌ ͜ ubʱiu, nʌ ͜ ubʱio, nʌ ͜ ubʱie] | नउभिओस् [nʌ ͜ ubʱios] | नउभिऊन् [nʌ ͜ ubʱiun] | नउभिनुहोओस् [nʌ ͜ ubʱinuɦoos] | ||||||||
| Imperative | + | — | — | उभि [ubʱi] | उभिअ, उभिओ [ubʱiʌ, ubʱio] | — | — | उभिनुहोस्, उभिनोस् [ubʱinuɦos, ubʱinos] | |||||||
| – | — | — | नउभि [nʌ ͜ ubʱi] | नउभिअ, नउभिओ [nʌ ͜ ubʱiʌ, nʌ ͜ ubʱio] | — | — | नउभिनुहोस्, नउभिनोस् [nʌubʱinuɦos, nʌubʱinos] | ||||||||
Further reading
- “उभिनु”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018, page १४६, column 2
- Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993) “उभिनु”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar, page 62
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1931) “उभिनु”, in A comparative and etymological dictionary of the Nepali language, London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner, page 53
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ūrdhvá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 115
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