گروه

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (glwh’ /⁠grōh⁠/, “group, crowd”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to twist, wind (into a mass)”) and cognate with (gereh, “knot, tie”), as well as Sanskrit ग्रन्थ् (granth, “to tie, string together”) and English group.[1]

Pronunciation

Audio (file)

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ɡu.ɾoːh]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡʊ.ɾoːʱ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ɡʊ.ɾoː]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ɡu.ɾʊː]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡ̥o.ɹuːʱ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡu.ɾɵʰ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	gurōh
Dari reading^?	gurōh
Iranian reading^?	goruh
Tajik reading^?	gurüh

Noun


Iranian Persian	گروه
Dari	گروه
Tajik	гурӯҳ

گروه • (goruh) (plural گروه‌ها (goruh-hâ) or گروهان (goruhân))

group (of countries, people, etc.)
― goruh-e panj be alâve-ye yek ― P5+1
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 2752:
  ما نه زان پیلان گولیم ای گروه / که اضطراب ماه آردمان شکوه
  mā na z-ān pīlān-i gōl-ēm ay gurōh / ki iztirāb-i māh āradmān šikōh (Classical reading)
  O company [of prophets], we are not [to be reckoned] among those stupid elephants who are terrified by the disturbance of the Moon.

Derived terms

گروهی (goruhi)

Descendants

→ Gujarati: ગિરોહ (giroh)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: गिरोह (giroh)

Urdu: گروہ (giroh)
→ Ottoman Turkish: كروه
- Turkish: güruh
→ Pashto: ګروه (groh)
→ Sindhi: گروهه (giroha)

References

Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 143

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