کلان

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Parthian 𐫐𐫓𐫀𐫗 (klʾn /⁠kalān⁠/, “great, big; pure”). Related to Tat kələ (“great, big”) and the Armenian toponym Կաղանկատոյք (Kałankatoykʻ, literally “big habitation”). The ultimate origin is uncertain.

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ka.ˈlɑːn]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰä.lɑ́ːn]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [kʰä.lɑ́ːn]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [kʰä.lɔ́ːn]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰʲæ.lɒ́ːn]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰä.lɔ́n]

Readings
Classical reading^?	kalān
Dari reading^?	kalān
Iranian reading^?	kalân
Tajik reading^?	kalon

Adjective


Dari	کلان
Iranian Persian	بُزُرگ
Tajik	макро

کلان • (kalân) (comparative کلان‌تَر (kalân-tar), superlative کلان‌تَرین (kalân-tarin))

(chiefly Dari or uncommon) big, huge, massive
az xurd tâ kalân(Dari)
the details, the exacts, everything
(literally, “from small to big”)

az xord tâ kalân-eš ro behem tozih dâd.(Iranian Persian)
they explained all the details to me

Derived terms

کلانتر (kalântar)
کلان شدن (kalân šodan)
پدر کلان (padar-i kalân) (Dari)
مادر کلان (mâdar-i kalân) (Dari)

Descendants

→ Azerbaijani: kalan
→ Urdu: کلاں (kalā̃)

References

Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond (2004) “klʾn”, in A Dictionary of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian (Corpus Fontium Manichaeorum; 3.1), Turnhout: Brepols, page 205b
Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 349
Oranskij, I. M. (1970) “K imeni baktrijskovo (?) voždja ΚΑΤΆΝΗΣ (IV v. do n. e.) [To the name of the Bactrian (?) chieftain ΚΑΤΆΝΗΣ (IV cent. B. C.)]”, in Palestinskij sbornik‎ (in Russian), volume 21 (84), pages 155–160
کَلاں [کَلاں] (فارسی), quotee (2006) “کلاں”, in اردو لغت‎

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