يعر

See also: يغر, بعر, and نعر

Arabic

Etymology 1

Unclear. In Psalm 29:9 once plural יְעָ֫ר֥וֹת (yəʿārōṯ) after אַיָּלוֹת (ʾayyālōṯ, “hinds”), assumed by dint of comparativism a likely later misvocalized plural of a יַעֲרָה (yaʿărā, “kid”)—distinguished from homonymous “honeycomb”, an assumed nomen unitatis of יַעַר (yaʿar, “honeycombs”) found in the construct state יַעְרַת (yaʿəraṯ) in 1 Samuel 14:27—, while it has thus far plausibly been translated as the plural of יַעַר (yaʿar, “forest”). There is also Tigre ወርዔ (wärʿe, “mountain goat”), the consonant order of which corresponds to a word the Arabic lexicographers give as يَرَع (yaraʕ, “youngs of wild cows, أَوْلَادُ بَقَرِ الْوَحْشِ (ʔawlādu baqari al-waḥši)”), compare also يَرَاع (yarāʕ) given as a synonym of بَعُوض (baʕūḍ). If it is not instead the lost descendant of Proto-Semitic *waʕil- (“ibex”) the Arabic term must be, as many names for baby animals, deemed a borrowing from Aramaic, owing to the Northwest Semitic w → y change.

Noun

يَعْر • (yaʕr) m (plural أَيْعَار (ʔayʕār))

offspring of a goat, kid

Declension

Declension of noun يَعْر (yaʕr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	يَعْر yaʕr	الْيَعْر al-yaʕr	يَعْر yaʕr
Nominative	يَعْرٌ yaʕrun	الْيَعْرُ al-yaʕru	يَعْرُ yaʕru
Accusative	يَعْرًا yaʕran	الْيَعْرَ al-yaʕra	يَعْرَ yaʕra
Genitive	يَعْرٍ yaʕrin	الْيَعْرِ al-yaʕri	يَعْرِ yaʕri
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	يَعْرَيْن yaʕrayn	الْيَعْرَيْن al-yaʕrayn	يَعْرَيْ yaʕray
Nominative	يَعْرَانِ yaʕrāni	الْيَعْرَانِ al-yaʕrāni	يَعْرَا yaʕrā
Accusative	يَعْرَيْنِ yaʕrayni	الْيَعْرَيْنِ al-yaʕrayni	يَعْرَيْ yaʕray
Genitive	يَعْرَيْنِ yaʕrayni	الْيَعْرَيْنِ al-yaʕrayni	يَعْرَيْ yaʕray
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَيْعَار ʔayʕār	الْأَيْعَار al-ʔayʕār	أَيْعَار ʔayʕār
Nominative	أَيْعَارٌ ʔayʕārun	الْأَيْعَارُ al-ʔayʕāru	أَيْعَارُ ʔayʕāru
Accusative	أَيْعَارًا ʔayʕāran	الْأَيْعَارَ al-ʔayʕāra	أَيْعَارَ ʔayʕāra
Genitive	أَيْعَارٍ ʔayʕārin	الْأَيْعَارِ al-ʔayʕāri	أَيْعَارِ ʔayʕāri

Verb

يَعِرَ • (yaʕira) I, non-past يَيْعَرُ‎ (yayʕaru) (obsolete)

to bleat, to cry (of a young goat)
- 7th century CE, Sunan Abī Dāwud, 1:142:
  بَيْنَا نَحْنُ مَعَ رَسُولِ ٱللّٰهِ صَلَّى ٱللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جُلُوسٌ إِذْ دَفَعَ الرَّاعِي غَنَمَهُ إِلَى الْمُرَاحِ وَمَعَهُ سَخْلَة تَيْعَرُ
  baynā naḥnu maʕa rasūli llāhi ṣallā llāhu ʕalayhi wasallama julūsun ʔiḏ dafaʕa r-rāʕī ḡanamahu ʔilā l-murāḥi wa-maʕa-hū saḵla(t) tayʕaru
  We were sitting in the company of the Messenger of God (PBUH) when we saw that a shepherd was driving a herd of sheep to their fold. He had with him a newly-born lamb that was crying.

Conjugation

Conjugation of

يَعِرَ

(form-I sound, verbal noun يُعَر)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					يُعَر yuʕar
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					يَاعِر yāʕir
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	يَعِرْتُ yaʕirtu	يَعِرْتَ yaʕirta	يَعِرَ yaʕira	يَعِرْتُمَا yaʕirtumā	يَعِرَا yaʕirā	يَعِرْنَا yaʕirnā	يَعِرْتُمْ yaʕirtum	يَعِرُوا yaʕirū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	يَعِرْتُ yaʕirtu	يَعِرْتِ yaʕirti	يَعِرَتْ yaʕirat	يَعِرْتُمَا yaʕirtumā	يَعِرَتَا yaʕiratā	يَعِرْنَا yaʕirnā	يَعِرْتُنَّ yaʕirtunna	يَعِرْنَ yaʕirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَيْعَرُ ʔayʕaru	تَيْعَرُ tayʕaru	يَيْعَرُ yayʕaru	تَيْعَرَانِ tayʕarāni	يَيْعَرَانِ yayʕarāni	نَيْعَرُ nayʕaru	تَيْعَرُونَ tayʕarūna	يَيْعَرُونَ yayʕarūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَيْعَرُ ʔayʕaru	تَيْعَرِينَ tayʕarīna	تَيْعَرُ tayʕaru	تَيْعَرَانِ tayʕarāni	تَيْعَرَانِ tayʕarāni	نَيْعَرُ nayʕaru	تَيْعَرْنَ tayʕarna	يَيْعَرْنَ yayʕarna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَيْعَرَ ʔayʕara	تَيْعَرَ tayʕara	يَيْعَرَ yayʕara	تَيْعَرَا tayʕarā	يَيْعَرَا yayʕarā	نَيْعَرَ nayʕara	تَيْعَرُوا tayʕarū	يَيْعَرُوا yayʕarū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَيْعَرَ ʔayʕara	تَيْعَرِي tayʕarī	تَيْعَرَ tayʕara	تَيْعَرَا tayʕarā	تَيْعَرَا tayʕarā	نَيْعَرَ nayʕara	تَيْعَرْنَ tayʕarna	يَيْعَرْنَ yayʕarna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَيْعَرْ ʔayʕar	تَيْعَرْ tayʕar	يَيْعَرْ yayʕar	تَيْعَرَا tayʕarā	يَيْعَرَا yayʕarā	نَيْعَرْ nayʕar	تَيْعَرُوا tayʕarū	يَيْعَرُوا yayʕarū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَيْعَرْ ʔayʕar	تَيْعَرِي tayʕarī	تَيْعَرْ tayʕar	تَيْعَرَا tayʕarā	تَيْعَرَا tayʕarā	نَيْعَرْ nayʕar	تَيْعَرْنَ tayʕarna	يَيْعَرْنَ yayʕarna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِيعَرْ īʕar		اِيعَرَا īʕarā			اِيعَرُوا īʕarū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		اِيعَرِي īʕarī		اِيعَرَا īʕarā			اِيعَرْنَ īʕarna

Verb

يُعِرْ • (yuʕir) (form IV)

third-person masculine singular non-past active jussive of أَعَارَ (ʔaʕāra)

Verb

يُعَرْ • (yuʕar) (form IV)

third-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive of أَعَارَ (ʔaʕāra)

References

Freytag, Georg (1837) “يعر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 520b
Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “يعر”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 1630b
Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2005) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volume II: Animal Names, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 317–318, Nr. 248

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