هرگز
Persian
Etymology
Through the common Modern Persian metathesis of Middle Persian 𐭧𐭪𐭫𐭰 (ḥklc /hagriz/, “ever, never”), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎣𐎼𐎶𐎨𐎡𐎹 (hakara-mciy, “once”), from earlier [script needed] (*ha-k(a)r), from Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-kr̥t (“one time”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [haɾ.ˈɡiz]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [häɾ.ɡɪ́z]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [ʔäɾ.ɡɪ́z]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [ʔäɾ.ɡíz]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [hæɹ.ɡʲéz]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [häɾ.ɡíz]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | hargiz |
| Dari reading? | hargiz |
| Iranian reading? | hargez |
| Tajik reading? | hargiz |
Adverb
هَرگِز • (hargez)
| Dari | هرگز |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | ҳаргиз |
- (in positive constructions) ever
- Synonym: هیچ‌وقت (hič-vaqt)
- آیا هرگز به پاریس رفته‌اید؟ (more literary)
- âyâ hargez be pâris rafte-id?
- Have you ever gone to Paris?
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 422:
- بانگ سگ هرگز رسد در گوش ماه
خاصه ماهی کاو بود خاص اله- bâng-e sag hargez resad dar guš-e mâh
xâsse mâhi k-u bud xâss-e elâh - Does the dog's bark ever reach the moon's ear, especially that Moon who is the chosen of God?
- bâng-e sag hargez resad dar guš-e mâh
- (in negative constructions) ever; never
- Synonym: هیچ‌وقت (hič-vaqt)
- او هرگز سفر نکرده است. (more literary)
- u hargez safar na-karde-ast.
- اون هرگز سفر نکرده. (more colloquial)
- un hargez safar na-karde.
- He has never travelled.
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 826:
- هرگز ای آتش تو صابر نیستی
چون نسوزی چیست قادر نیستی- hargez ey âtaš to sâber nisti
čon na-suzi či-st qâder nisti - Never, o fire, art thou patient: how burnest thou not? What is it? Hast thou not the power?
- hargez ey âtaš to sâber nisti
- 1500s, ʿUrfī Shīrāzī, “Ghazal 28”, in دیوان [Divān]:
- زخم ها برداشتیم و فتح ها کردیم، لیک
هرگز از خون کسی رنگین نشد میدان ما- zaxm-hâ bardâštim o fath-hâ kardim, lik
hargez az xun-e kasi rangin na-šod meydân-e mâ - We suffered wounds, we scored victories, but our fields were never stained by anybody's blood.
- zaxm-hâ bardâštim o fath-hâ kardim, lik
- perpetually (with negative meaning)
Descendants
- → Azerbaijani: hərgiz
- → Bengali: হরগিজ (horgij), হরগেজ (horgej)
- → Central Kurdish: ھەرگیز (hergîz)
- → Gujarati: હરગિજ (hargij)
- → Hindustani: hargiz
- Hindi: हरगिज़
- Urdu: ہَرْگِز (hargiz)
- → Maithili: hargij
- Devanagari script: हरगिज
- Tirhuta script: 𑒯𑒩𑒑𑒱𑒖
- → Marwari: हरगिज (hargij)
- → Punjabi: hargiz
- Gurmukhi script: ਹਰਗਿਜ਼
- Shahmukhi script: ہَرْگِز
- → Sindhi: هَرِگِزِ
- → Uyghur: ھەرگىز (hergiz)
References
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “هرگز”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
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