قرنفل

Arabic

Alternative forms

قَرَنْفُول (qaranfūl)

Etymology

Imported from India. Compare Tamil கராம்பு (karāmpu), கிராம்பு (kirāmpu), കരയാമ്പ് (karayāmpŭ), ഗ്രാമ്പൂ (grāmpū), Sinhalese කරාබු (karābu), Tagalog klabong, klabos, kalabumpako, all meaning cloves. From the same source Ancient Greek καρυόφυλλον (karuóphullon), Amharic ቅርንፉድ (ḳərnəfud).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /qa.ran.ful/, /qu.ran.ful/
Rhymes: -ul

Noun

قَرَنْفُل or قُرَنْفُل • (qaranful or quranful) m

clove (Syzygium aromaticum)
- 10th century, Al-Mutanabbi, “Poem #201”, in The Works of 'Abū al-Ṭayyib al-Mutanabbī, volume 3, Dār Al-Ma‘rifah, published 1978, pages 201–202:
  وَمَنْزِلٍ لَيْسَ لَنَا بِمَنْزِلِ / وَلَا لِغَيْرِ الْغَادِيَاتِ الْهُطَّلِ
  نَدِيِّ الْخُزَامَى ذَفِرِ الْقَرَنْفُلِ / مُحَلَّلٍ مِلْوَحْشِ لَمْ يُحَلَّلِ
  wamanzilin laysa lanā bimanzili / walā liḡayri l-ḡādiyāti l-huṭṭali
  nadiyyi l-ḵuzāmā ḏafiri al-qaranfuli / muḥallalin milwaḥši lam yuḥallali
  A place, which has never been a stop for us
  Nor anyone but the show'ring daybreak-clouds,
  With dewy lavenders, and fragrant cloves,
  Settled by the wildlife, and no one else.
pink, carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)

Declension

Declension of noun قَرَنْفُل (qaranful)‎; قُرَنْفُل (quranful)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَرَنْفُل‎; قُرَنْفُل qaranful‎; quranful	الْقَرَنْفُل‎; الْقُرَنْفُل al-qaranful‎; al-quranful	قَرَنْفُل‎; قُرَنْفُل qaranful‎; quranful
Nominative	قَرَنْفُلٌ‎; قُرَنْفُلٌ qaranfulun‎; quranfulun	الْقَرَنْفُلُ‎; الْقُرَنْفُلُ al-qaranfulu‎; al-quranfulu	قَرَنْفُلُ‎; قُرَنْفُلُ qaranfulu‎; quranfulu
Accusative	قَرَنْفُلًا‎; قُرَنْفُلًا qaranfulan‎; quranfulan	الْقَرَنْفُلَ‎; الْقُرَنْفُلَ al-qaranfula‎; al-quranfula	قَرَنْفُلَ‎; قُرَنْفُلَ qaranfula‎; quranfula
Genitive	قَرَنْفُلٍ‎; قُرَنْفُلٍ qaranfulin‎; quranfulin	الْقَرَنْفُلِ‎; الْقُرَنْفُلِ al-qaranfuli‎; al-quranfuli	قَرَنْفُلِ‎; قُرَنْفُلِ qaranfuli‎; quranfuli

Descendants

Maltese: qronfol
→ Aramaic:
- Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: קרונפול
- Classical Syriac: ܩܪܢܦܘܠܐ
→ Dhivehi: ކަރަންފޫ (karan̊fū)
→ Israeli Hebrew: קרנפול
→ Persian: قرنفل (qaranfol) (see there for further descendants)
→ Swahili: karafuu
→ Yoruba: kànáfùrù, kànnáfùrù
→ Hausa: kanumfari
- Nupe: kannáfùrù

References

Gernot Katzer’s Spice Pages: Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum)
Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 144
Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 275–279
Löw, Immanuel (1881) Aramæische Pflanzennamen‎ (in German), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 355
“КАРАМФЍЛ”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
“karànfil” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Hijazi Arabic

قُرُنْفُل

Etymology

From Arabic قَرَنْفُل (qaranful).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡu.run.ful/, [ɡʊ.rʊɱ.fʊl]

Noun

قُرُنْفُل • (gurunful) m (collective)

carnation (flower)
clove (spice)

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic قَرَنْفُل (qaranful).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /qrun.ful/

Noun

قرنفل • (qrunful) m (collective)

carnation (flower)
clove (spice)
Synonym: عود النوار (ʕūd en-nuwwār)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic قَرَنْفُل (qaranful).

Noun

قرنفل • (karanfil)

carnation (flower)
clove (spice)

Descendants

Turkish: karanfil
→ Albanian: karafil
→ Bulgarian: каранфи́л (karanfíl), карамфи́л (karamfíl), карафи́ль (karafílʹ), ка́рафил (kárafil)
→ Macedonian: каранфил (karanfil), каранфилче (karanfilče)
→ Middle Armenian: ղարանֆիլ (ġaranfil), ղարանֆուլ (ġaranful)
- Armenian: ղարանֆիլ (ġaranfil), ղարաֆիլ (ġarafil), խառանֆիլ (xaṙanfil), խարաֆիլ (xarafil), կանաֆիլ (kanafil)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: кара̀нфил, каранфѝлић

Latin script: karànfil, karanfìlić

Persian

Etymology

From Arabic قَرَنْفُل (qaranful).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [qa.ɾan.ˈful]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [qä.ɾäɱ.fʊ́l]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [qä.ɾäɱ.fʊ́l]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [qä.ɾäɱ.fúl̥]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [qæ.ɹæɱ.fól̥]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [qä.ɾäɱ.fúl]

Readings
Classical reading^?	qaranful
Dari reading^?	qaranful
Iranian reading^?	ğaranfol
Tajik reading^?	qaranful

Noun

قرنفل • (qaranfol)

carnation (flower)
clove (spice)

Descendants

→ Adyghe: къэрмэфибл (qɛrmɛfibl)
→ Azerbaijani: qərənfil
→ Bashkir: ҡәләмфер (qələmfer), ҡәнәфер (qənəfer)
→ Kazakh: қалампыр (qalampyr)
→ Kurdish:
→ Northern Kurdish: qerefîl, qerenfîl

→ Central Kurdish: قەنەفِڵ (qenefill)
→ Kyrgyz: калемпир (kalempir)
→ Ottoman Turkish: قرنفل (karanfil) (see there for further descendants)
> Turkish: karanfil (inherited)
→ Uyghur: قەرەنفىل (qerenfil), قەلەمپۇر (qelempur)
→ Uzbek: qalampir

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