عسكر
Arabic
Etymology
Probably from Middle Persian lškl (/laškar/) with the -l- interpreted as the Arabic article ال (al-). Compare modern Persian لشکر (laškar). Alternatively and less likely, from Latin exercitus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʕas.kar/
Declension
Declension of noun عَسْكَر (ʕaskar)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | عَسْكَر ʕaskar |
الْعَسْكَر al-ʕaskar |
عَسْكَر ʕaskar |
| Nominative | عَسْكَرٌ ʕaskarun |
الْعَسْكَرُ al-ʕaskaru |
عَسْكَرُ ʕaskaru |
| Accusative | عَسْكَرًا ʕaskaran |
الْعَسْكَرَ al-ʕaskara |
عَسْكَرَ ʕaskara |
| Genitive | عَسْكَرٍ ʕaskarin |
الْعَسْكَرِ al-ʕaskari |
عَسْكَرِ ʕaskari |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | عَسْكَرَيْن ʕaskarayn |
الْعَسْكَرَيْن al-ʕaskarayn |
عَسْكَرَيْ ʕaskaray |
| Nominative | عَسْكَرَانِ ʕaskarāni |
الْعَسْكَرَانِ al-ʕaskarāni |
عَسْكَرَا ʕaskarā |
| Accusative | عَسْكَرَيْنِ ʕaskarayni |
الْعَسْكَرَيْنِ al-ʕaskarayni |
عَسْكَرَيْ ʕaskaray |
| Genitive | عَسْكَرَيْنِ ʕaskarayni |
الْعَسْكَرَيْنِ al-ʕaskarayni |
عَسْكَرَيْ ʕaskaray |
| Plural | basic broken plural diptote | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | عَسَاكِر ʕasākir |
الْعَسَاكِر al-ʕasākir |
عَسَاكِر ʕasākir |
| Nominative | عَسَاكِرُ ʕasākiru |
الْعَسَاكِرُ al-ʕasākiru |
عَسَاكِرُ ʕasākiru |
| Accusative | عَسَاكِرَ ʕasākira |
الْعَسَاكِرَ al-ʕasākira |
عَسَاكِرَ ʕasākira |
| Genitive | عَسَاكِرَ ʕasākira |
الْعَسَاكِرِ al-ʕasākiri |
عَسَاكِرِ ʕasākiri |
Derived terms
- عَسْكَرِيّ (ʕaskariyy)
Descendants
- Andalusian Arabic: عَسْكَر
- → Classical Syriac: ܥܣܟܪ (ʿaskar)
- → Kamviri: askar
- → Persian: عسکر ('askar)
- → Ottoman Turkish: عسكر (asker)
- Turkish: asker
- → Azerbaijani: əsgər
- → Bashkir: ғәскәр (ğəskər)
- → Armenian: ասկեր (asker), ասքար (askʻar), ասկյար (askyar)
- → Bulgarian: аске́р (askér)
- → Crimean Tatar: asker
- → Greek: ασκέρι (askéri)
- ⇒ Indonesian: laskar
- → Kazakh: әскер (äsker)
- → Kyrgyz: аскер (asker)
- → Ladino: asker
- → Laz: ასქერი (askeri), ასკერი (asǩeri)
- → Malay:
- Latin script: askar
- Arabic script: عسکر
- → Macedonian: аскер (asker)
- ⇒ Northern Kurdish: leşker
- → Russian: аске́р (askér), эске́р (eskér)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
- → Tajik: аскар (askar)
- → Tatar: гаскәр (ğaskär)
- → Turkmen: esger
- → Uyghur: ئەسكەر (esker)
- → Uzbek: askar
- → Ottoman Turkish: عسكر (asker)
- → Polish: asker
- → Swedish: askar
- → Zazaki: esker
Conjugation
Conjugation of
عَسْكَرَ
(form-Iq sound)| verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
عَسْكَرَة ʕaskara | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
muʕaskir | |||||||||||
| passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
muʕaskar | |||||||||||
| active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | عَسْكَرْتُ ʕaskartu |
عَسْكَرْتَ ʕaskarta |
ʕaskara |
عَسْكَرْتُمَا ʕaskartumā |
عَسْكَرَا ʕaskarā |
عَسْكَرْنَا ʕaskarnā |
عَسْكَرْتُمْ ʕaskartum |
عَسْكَرُوا ʕaskarū | |||
| f | عَسْكَرْتِ ʕaskarti |
عَسْكَرَتْ ʕaskarat |
عَسْكَرَتَا ʕaskaratā |
عَسْكَرْتُنَّ ʕaskartunna |
عَسْكَرْنَ ʕaskarna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُعَسْكِرُ ʔuʕaskiru |
تُعَسْكِرُ tuʕaskiru |
يُعَسْكِرُ yuʕaskiru |
تُعَسْكِرَانِ tuʕaskirāni |
يُعَسْكِرَانِ yuʕaskirāni |
نُعَسْكِرُ nuʕaskiru |
تُعَسْكِرُونَ tuʕaskirūna |
يُعَسْكِرُونَ yuʕaskirūna | |||
| f | تُعَسْكِرِينَ tuʕaskirīna |
تُعَسْكِرُ tuʕaskiru |
تُعَسْكِرَانِ tuʕaskirāni |
تُعَسْكِرْنَ tuʕaskirna |
يُعَسْكِرْنَ yuʕaskirna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُعَسْكِرَ ʔuʕaskira |
تُعَسْكِرَ tuʕaskira |
يُعَسْكِرَ yuʕaskira |
تُعَسْكِرَا tuʕaskirā |
يُعَسْكِرَا yuʕaskirā |
نُعَسْكِرَ nuʕaskira |
تُعَسْكِرُوا tuʕaskirū |
يُعَسْكِرُوا yuʕaskirū | |||
| f | تُعَسْكِرِي tuʕaskirī |
تُعَسْكِرَ tuʕaskira |
تُعَسْكِرَا tuʕaskirā |
تُعَسْكِرْنَ tuʕaskirna |
يُعَسْكِرْنَ yuʕaskirna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُعَسْكِرْ ʔuʕaskir |
تُعَسْكِرْ tuʕaskir |
يُعَسْكِرْ yuʕaskir |
تُعَسْكِرَا tuʕaskirā |
يُعَسْكِرَا yuʕaskirā |
نُعَسْكِرْ nuʕaskir |
تُعَسْكِرُوا tuʕaskirū |
يُعَسْكِرُوا yuʕaskirū | |||
| f | تُعَسْكِرِي tuʕaskirī |
تُعَسْكِرْ tuʕaskir |
تُعَسْكِرَا tuʕaskirā |
تُعَسْكِرْنَ tuʕaskirna |
يُعَسْكِرْنَ yuʕaskirna | |||||||
| imperative الْأَمْر |
m | ʕaskir |
عَسْكِرَا ʕaskirā |
عَسْكِرُوا ʕaskirū |
||||||||
| f | ʕaskirī |
عَسْكِرْنَ ʕaskirna | ||||||||||
| passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | عُسْكِرْتُ ʕuskirtu |
عُسْكِرْتَ ʕuskirta |
ʕuskira |
عُسْكِرْتُمَا ʕuskirtumā |
عُسْكِرَا ʕuskirā |
عُسْكِرْنَا ʕuskirnā |
عُسْكِرْتُمْ ʕuskirtum |
عُسْكِرُوا ʕuskirū | |||
| f | عُسْكِرْتِ ʕuskirti |
عُسْكِرَتْ ʕuskirat |
عُسْكِرَتَا ʕuskiratā |
عُسْكِرْتُنَّ ʕuskirtunna |
عُسْكِرْنَ ʕuskirna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُعَسْكَرُ ʔuʕaskaru |
تُعَسْكَرُ tuʕaskaru |
يُعَسْكَرُ yuʕaskaru |
تُعَسْكَرَانِ tuʕaskarāni |
يُعَسْكَرَانِ yuʕaskarāni |
نُعَسْكَرُ nuʕaskaru |
تُعَسْكَرُونَ tuʕaskarūna |
يُعَسْكَرُونَ yuʕaskarūna | |||
| f | تُعَسْكَرِينَ tuʕaskarīna |
تُعَسْكَرُ tuʕaskaru |
تُعَسْكَرَانِ tuʕaskarāni |
تُعَسْكَرْنَ tuʕaskarna |
يُعَسْكَرْنَ yuʕaskarna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُعَسْكَرَ ʔuʕaskara |
تُعَسْكَرَ tuʕaskara |
يُعَسْكَرَ yuʕaskara |
تُعَسْكَرَا tuʕaskarā |
يُعَسْكَرَا yuʕaskarā |
نُعَسْكَرَ nuʕaskara |
تُعَسْكَرُوا tuʕaskarū |
يُعَسْكَرُوا yuʕaskarū | |||
| f | تُعَسْكَرِي tuʕaskarī |
تُعَسْكَرَ tuʕaskara |
تُعَسْكَرَا tuʕaskarā |
تُعَسْكَرْنَ tuʕaskarna |
يُعَسْكَرْنَ yuʕaskarna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُعَسْكَرْ ʔuʕaskar |
تُعَسْكَرْ tuʕaskar |
يُعَسْكَرْ yuʕaskar |
تُعَسْكَرَا tuʕaskarā |
يُعَسْكَرَا yuʕaskarā |
نُعَسْكَرْ nuʕaskar |
تُعَسْكَرُوا tuʕaskarū |
يُعَسْكَرُوا yuʕaskarū | |||
| f | تُعَسْكَرِي tuʕaskarī |
تُعَسْكَرْ tuʕaskar |
تُعَسْكَرَا tuʕaskarā |
تُعَسْكَرْنَ tuʕaskarna |
يُعَسْكَرْنَ yuʕaskarna | |||||||
Moroccan Arabic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʕas.kar/
Derived terms
- عسكري (ʕaskri)
See also
- جيش (jayš, jīš)
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic عَسْكَر (ʕaskar, “army, soldiers”), probably from Middle Persian lškl (/laškar/). Doublet of لشكر (leşker, “army”).
Noun
عسكر • (ʼasker) (definite accusative عسكری (ʼaskeri), plural عساكر (ʼasakir) or عسكرلر (ʼaskerler))
- army, a highly organized military force, concerned mainly with ground operations
- soldier, a member of a ground-based army, of any rank, especially an enlisted one
- Synonym: چری (çeri)
- 1927 October, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Nutuk, page 5:
- مرزیفون و صامسونده انكلیز عسكرلری بولونیور.
- Merzifon ve Samsun'da ingiliz askerleri bulunuyor.
- There are British soldiers in Merzifon and Samsun.
- troop, any large group or detachment of soldiers usually commanded by a captain
Derived terms
- سرعسكر (serʼasker, “commander in chief”)
- عسكر یازمق (ʼasker yazmak, “to recruit soldiers”)
- عسكر یوقلامهسی (ʼasker yoklaması, “military inspection”)
- عسكرگاه (ʼaskergâh, “military camp”)
- عسكری (ʼaskeri, “military, pertaining to the army”)
- عسكریه (ʼaskeriye, “military point of view”)
Descendants
- Turkish: asker
- → Azerbaijani: əsgər
- → Bashkir: ғәскәр (ğəskər)
- → Armenian: ասկեր (asker), ասքար (askʻar), ասկյար (askyar)
- → Bulgarian: аске́р (askér)
- → Crimean Tatar: asker
- → Greek: ασκέρι (askéri)
- ⇒ Indonesian: laskar
- → Kazakh: әскер (äsker)
- → Kyrgyz: аскер (asker)
- → Ladino: asker
- → Laz: ასქერი (askeri), ასკერი (asǩeri)
- → Malay:
- Latin script: askar
- Arabic script: عسکر
- → Macedonian: аскер (asker)
- ⇒ Northern Kurdish: leşker
- → Russian: аске́р (askér), эске́р (eskér)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
- → Tajik: аскар (askar)
- → Tatar: гаскәр (ğaskär)
- → Turkmen: esger
- → Uyghur: ئەسكەر (esker)
- → Uzbek: askar
Further reading
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “asker2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 318
- Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “asker”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 56
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “عسكر”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 846
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Exercitus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum, Vienna, column 502
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “عسكر”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum, Vienna, column 3264
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “asker”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “عسكر”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1300
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