عدو

Arabic

Root
ع د و (ʕ-d-w)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕa.duww/

Noun

عَدُوّ • (ʕaduww) m (plural أَعْدَاء (ʔaʕdāʔ) or عِدًى (ʕidan) or عُدًى (ʕudan) or أَعَادٍ (ʔaʕādin), feminine عَدُوّ (ʕaduww) or عَدُوَّة (ʕaduwwa))

enemy; foe
Antonyms: صَدِيق (ṣadīq), حَلِيف (ḥalīf), خَلِيل (ḵalīl), نَصِير (naṣīr)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 43:67:
  الْأَخِلَّاءُ يَوْمَئِذٍ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ إِلَّا الْمُتَّقِينَ
  al-ʔaḵillāʔu yawmaʔiḏin baʕḍuhum li-baʕḍin ʕaduwwun ʔillā l-muttaqīna
  Close friends, that Day, will be enemies to each other, except for the righteous.
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 63:4:
  هُمُ ٱلْعَدُوُّ فَٱحْذَرْهُمْ
  humu l-ʕaduwwu faḥḏarhum
  They are the enemy, so beware of them.

Declension

Declension of noun عَدُوّ (ʕaduww)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَدُوّ ʕaduww	الْعَدُوّ al-ʕaduww	عَدُوّ ʕaduww
Nominative	عَدُوٌّ ʕaduwwun	الْعَدُوُّ al-ʕaduwwu	عَدُوُّ ʕaduwwu
Accusative	عَدُوًّا ʕaduwwan	الْعَدُوَّ al-ʕaduwwa	عَدُوَّ ʕaduwwa
Genitive	عَدُوٍّ ʕaduwwin	الْعَدُوِّ al-ʕaduwwi	عَدُوِّ ʕaduwwi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَدُوَّيْن ʕaduwwayn	الْعَدُوَّيْن al-ʕaduwwayn	عَدُوَّيْ ʕaduwway
Nominative	عَدُوَّانِ ʕaduwwāni	الْعَدُوَّانِ al-ʕaduwwāni	عَدُوَّا ʕaduwwā
Accusative	عَدُوَّيْنِ ʕaduwwayni	الْعَدُوَّيْنِ al-ʕaduwwayni	عَدُوَّيْ ʕaduwway
Genitive	عَدُوَّيْنِ ʕaduwwayni	الْعَدُوَّيْنِ al-ʕaduwwayni	عَدُوَّيْ ʕaduwway
Plural	basic broken plural triptote‎; broken plural in ـًى (-an)‎; broken plural diptote in ـٍ (-in)
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَعْدَاء‎; عِدَى‎; عُدَى‎; أَعَادِي ʔaʕdāʔ‎; ʕidā‎; ʕudā‎; ʔaʕādī	الْأَعْدَاء‎; الْعِدَى‎; الْعُدَى‎; الْأَعَادِي al-ʔaʕdāʔ‎; al-ʕidā‎; al-ʕudā‎; al-ʔaʕādī	أَعْدَاء‎; عِدَى‎; عُدَى‎; أَعَادِي ʔaʕdāʔ‎; ʕidā‎; ʕudā‎; ʔaʕādī
Nominative	أَعْدَاءٌ‎; عِدًى‎; عُدًى‎; أَعَادٍ ʔaʕdāʔun‎; ʕidan‎; ʕudan‎; ʔaʕādin	الْأَعْدَاءُ‎; الْعِدَى‎; الْعُدَى‎; الْأَعَادِي al-ʔaʕdāʔu‎; al-ʕidā‎; al-ʕudā‎; al-ʔaʕādī	أَعْدَاءُ‎; عِدَى‎; عُدَى‎; أَعَادِي ʔaʕdāʔu‎; ʕidā‎; ʕudā‎; ʔaʕādī
Accusative	أَعْدَاءً‎; عِدًى‎; عُدًى‎; أَعَادِيَ ʔaʕdāʔan‎; ʕidan‎; ʕudan‎; ʔaʕādiya	الْأَعْدَاءَ‎; الْعِدَى‎; الْعُدَى‎; الْأَعَادِيَ al-ʔaʕdāʔa‎; al-ʕidā‎; al-ʕudā‎; al-ʔaʕādiya	أَعْدَاءَ‎; عِدَى‎; عُدَى‎; أَعَادِيَ ʔaʕdāʔa‎; ʕidā‎; ʕudā‎; ʔaʕādiya
Genitive	أَعْدَاءٍ‎; عِدًى‎; عُدًى‎; أَعَادٍ ʔaʕdāʔin‎; ʕidan‎; ʕudan‎; ʔaʕādin	الْأَعْدَاءِ‎; الْعِدَى‎; الْعُدَى‎; الْأَعَادِي al-ʔaʕdāʔi‎; al-ʕidā‎; al-ʕudā‎; al-ʔaʕādī	أَعْدَاءِ‎; عِدَى‎; عُدَى‎; أَعَادِي ʔaʕdāʔi‎; ʕidā‎; ʕudā‎; ʔaʕādī

Derived terms

اَلْحَقُّ مَا شَهِدَتْ بِهِ ٱلْأَعْدَاءُ (al-ḥaqqu mā šahidat bihi l-ʔaʕdāʔu, proverb)
عَدُوُّ عَدُوِّي صَدِيقِي (ʕaduwwu ʕaduwwī ṣadīqī, proverb)

Descendants

Maltese: għadu
→ Northern Kurdish: edû
→ Persian: عَدو ('adu)
→ Swahili: adui
→ Somali: cadow
→ Tajik: аду (adu)

References

Wehr, Hans (1979) “عدو”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Moroccan Arabic

Root
ع د و
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic عَدُوّ (ʕaduww).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕduww/, /ʕduː/

Noun

عدو • (ʕduww, ʕdū) m (plural عديان (ʕadyān), feminine عدوة (ʕduwwa))

enemy, foe

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