صباح

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
ص ب ح (ṣ-b-ḥ)

Cognate with Ge'ez ጽበሕ (ṣəbäḥ).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sˤa.baːħ/
Audio (file)

Noun

صَبَاح • (ṣabāḥ) m

(modern) the time from sunrise to noon, morning
Synonym: (literary) ضُحَا (ḍuḥā, “forenoon”)

Antonym: مَسَاء (masāʔ, “evening”)

صَبَاحُ الْخَيْر ― ṣabāḥu l-ḵayr ― Good morning
(archaic) the time from morning twilight to sunrise, dayspring
Synonyms: فَجْر (fajr, “dawn”), (literary) غَدَاة (ḡadāh, “daybreak”), (literary) بُكْرَة (bukra, “cockcrow”)

Antonym: غَسَق (ḡasaq, “dusk”)

Hypernym: نَهَار (nahār, “daytime”)

Declension

Declension of noun صَبَاح (ṣabāḥ)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	صَبَاح ṣabāḥ	الصَّبَاح aṣ-ṣabāḥ	صَبَاح ṣabāḥ
Nominative	صَبَاحٌ ṣabāḥun	الصَّبَاحُ aṣ-ṣabāḥu	صَبَاحُ ṣabāḥu
Accusative	صَبَاحًا ṣabāḥan	الصَّبَاحَ aṣ-ṣabāḥa	صَبَاحَ ṣabāḥa
Genitive	صَبَاحٍ ṣabāḥin	الصَّبَاحِ aṣ-ṣabāḥi	صَبَاحِ ṣabāḥi

Derived terms

صَبَاحَ مَسَاءَ (ṣabāḥa masāʔa)
صَبَاحِيّ (ṣabāḥiyy)
صَبَاحِيَّة (ṣabāḥiyya)

Related terms

صُبْح (ṣubḥ)
إِصْبَاح (ʔiṣbāḥ)

Descendants

Maltese: sbieħ
→ Azerbaijani: sabah
→ Judeo-Tat: сэбэхь (səbəħ)
→ Northern Kurdish: sibê
→ Karaim: сабахъ
→ Middle Armenian: սաբահ (sabah), սապահ (sapah), սաբան (saban), սէպահ (sēpah), սաբախ (sabax)
→ Ottoman Turkish: صباح (sabah)
- Turkish: sabah
- Crimean Tatar: saba
- → Macedonian: сабајле (sabajle)
- → Serbo-Croatian: sàbāh / са̀ба̄х
→ Tarifit: ṣṣbeḥ

Etymology 2

Root
ص ب ح (ṣ-b-ḥ)

Adjective

صُبَاح or صُبَّاح • (ṣubāḥ or ṣubbāḥ) (feminine صَبْحَى (ṣabḥā), common plural صِبَاح (ṣibāḥ) or صُبَاحَى (ṣubāḥā))

pretty, comely, handsome, graceful

Declension

Declension of adjective صُبَاح (ṣubāḥ)‎; صُبَّاح (ṣubbāḥ)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		singular invariable
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	صُبَاح‎; صُبَّاح ṣubāḥ‎; ṣubbāḥ	الصُّبَاح‎; الصُّبَّاح aṣ-ṣubāḥ‎; aṣ-ṣubbāḥ	صَبْحَى ṣabḥā	الصَّبْحَى aṣ-ṣabḥā
Nominative	صُبَاحٌ‎; صُبَّاحٌ ṣubāḥun‎; ṣubbāḥun	الصُّبَاحُ‎; الصُّبَّاحُ aṣ-ṣubāḥu‎; aṣ-ṣubbāḥu	صَبْحَى ṣabḥā	الصَّبْحَى aṣ-ṣabḥā
Accusative	صُبَاحًا‎; صُبَّاحًا ṣubāḥan‎; ṣubbāḥan	الصُّبَاحَ‎; الصُّبَّاحَ aṣ-ṣubāḥa‎; aṣ-ṣubbāḥa	صَبْحَى ṣabḥā	الصَّبْحَى aṣ-ṣabḥā
Genitive	صُبَاحٍ‎; صُبَّاحٍ ṣubāḥin‎; ṣubbāḥin	الصُّبَاحِ‎; الصُّبَّاحِ aṣ-ṣubāḥi‎; aṣ-ṣubbāḥi	صَبْحَى ṣabḥā	الصَّبْحَى aṣ-ṣabḥā
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	صُبَاحَيْن‎; صُبَّاحَيْن ṣubāḥayn‎; ṣubbāḥayn	الصُّبَاحَيْن‎; الصُّبَّاحَيْن aṣ-ṣubāḥayn‎; aṣ-ṣubbāḥayn	صَبْحَيَيْن ṣabḥayayn	الصَّبْحَيَيْن aṣ-ṣabḥayayn
Nominative	صُبَاحَانِ‎; صُبَّاحَانِ ṣubāḥāni‎; ṣubbāḥāni	الصُّبَاحَانِ‎; الصُّبَّاحَانِ aṣ-ṣubāḥāni‎; aṣ-ṣubbāḥāni	صَبْحَيَانِ ṣabḥayāni	الصَّبْحَيَانِ aṣ-ṣabḥayāni
Accusative	صُبَاحَيْنِ‎; صُبَّاحَيْنِ ṣubāḥayni‎; ṣubbāḥayni	الصُّبَاحَيْنِ‎; الصُّبَّاحَيْنِ aṣ-ṣubāḥayni‎; aṣ-ṣubbāḥayni	صَبْحَيَيْنِ ṣabḥayayni	الصَّبْحَيَيْنِ aṣ-ṣabḥayayni
Genitive	صُبَاحَيْنِ‎; صُبَّاحَيْنِ ṣubāḥayni‎; ṣubbāḥayni	الصُّبَاحَيْنِ‎; الصُّبَّاحَيْنِ aṣ-ṣubāḥayni‎; aṣ-ṣubbāḥayni	صَبْحَيَيْنِ ṣabḥayayni	الصَّبْحَيَيْنِ aṣ-ṣabḥayayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	basic broken plural triptote‎; broken plural invariable		basic broken plural triptote‎; broken plural invariable
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	صِبَاح‎; صُبَاحَى ṣibāḥ‎; ṣubāḥā	الصِّبَاح‎; الصُّبَاحَى aṣ-ṣibāḥ‎; aṣ-ṣubāḥā	صِبَاح‎; صُبَاحَى ṣibāḥ‎; ṣubāḥā	الصِّبَاح‎; الصُّبَاحَى aṣ-ṣibāḥ‎; aṣ-ṣubāḥā
Nominative	صِبَاحٌ‎; صُبَاحَى ṣibāḥun‎; ṣubāḥā	الصِّبَاحُ‎; الصُّبَاحَى aṣ-ṣibāḥu‎; aṣ-ṣubāḥā	صِبَاحٌ‎; صُبَاحَى ṣibāḥun‎; ṣubāḥā	الصِّبَاحُ‎; الصُّبَاحَى aṣ-ṣibāḥu‎; aṣ-ṣubāḥā
Accusative	صِبَاحًا‎; صُبَاحَى ṣibāḥan‎; ṣubāḥā	الصِّبَاحَ‎; الصُّبَاحَى aṣ-ṣibāḥa‎; aṣ-ṣubāḥā	صِبَاحًا‎; صُبَاحَى ṣibāḥan‎; ṣubāḥā	الصِّبَاحَ‎; الصُّبَاحَى aṣ-ṣibāḥa‎; aṣ-ṣubāḥā
Genitive	صِبَاحٍ‎; صُبَاحَى ṣibāḥin‎; ṣubāḥā	الصِّبَاحِ‎; الصُّبَاحَى aṣ-ṣibāḥi‎; aṣ-ṣubāḥā	صِبَاحٍ‎; صُبَاحَى ṣibāḥin‎; ṣubāḥā	الصِّبَاحِ‎; الصُّبَاحَى aṣ-ṣibāḥi‎; aṣ-ṣubāḥā

Synonyms

صَبْحَان (ṣabḥān)
صَبِيح (ṣabīḥ)
صَبُوح (ṣabūḥ)

Related terms

صَبَاحَة (ṣabāḥa, “beauty, grace”)

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

صِبَاح • (ṣibāḥ) m pl

masculine plural of صَبِيح (ṣabīḥ)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic صَبَاح (ṣabāḥ).

Noun

صباح • (sabah)

morning

Descendants

Turkish: sabah
Crimean Tatar: saba
→ Macedonian: сабајле (sabajle)
→ Serbo-Croatian: sàbāh / са̀ба̄х

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic صَبَاح (ṣabāḥ).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [sa.βɑːh]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sä.bɑːʱ], [sʊ.bɑːʱ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [sʊ.bɑː]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [su.bɔː]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [sæ.bɒːʱ], [sebɒːʱ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [sä.bɔʱ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	saḇāh
Dari reading^?	sabāh, subāh
Iranian reading^?	sabâh, sebâh
Tajik reading^?	saboh

Adverb


Dari	صباح, فردا
Iranian Persian	فردا
Tajik	пагоҳ

صباح • (sabâh) (chiefly Dari, Eastern Iran)

(colloquial or dialectal) tomorrow

Noun


Iranian Persian	صبح
Dari	صبح
Tajik	субҳ

صباح • (sabâh)

morning
Synonyms: پگاه (pagâh), بامداد (bâmdâd)
(chiefly Dari, Eastern Iran, colloquial or dialectal) tomorrow

Usage notes

In standard Dari and Iranian Persian and are synonymous. However, in many spoken dialects, they are not, with being used to mean "tomorrow". Especially in eastern dialects, such as Dari and some regional dialects in eastern Iran.

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