صام
Arabic
Etymology
From the root ص و م (ṣ-w-m). Compare Hebrew צָם (ṣām) and Ge'ez ጾመ (ṣomä, “to fast”). Nöldeke was convinced that the meaning “to fast” is a semantic loan from Aramaic צום / ܨܳܡ (ṣām, “to fast”), referring to the meaning “to stand still”, Jeffery says that the Arabic verb is “obviously denominative from صَوْم (ṣawm)” and notes that the term is only used in late Qurʾānic passages.
Verb
صَامَ • (ṣāma) I, non-past يَصُومُ (yaṣūmu)
Conjugation
Conjugation of
صَامَ
(form-I hollow, verbal nouns صَوْم or صِيَام)verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
ṣawm or ṣiyām | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
ṣāʔim | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَصُوم maṣūm | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ṣumtu |
ṣumta |
ṣāma |
صُمْتُمَا ṣumtumā |
صَامَا ṣāmā |
ṣumnā |
ṣumtum |
ṣāmū | |||
f | ṣumti |
ṣāmat |
صَامَتَا ṣāmatā |
ṣumtunna |
ṣumna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔaṣūmu |
taṣūmu |
yaṣūmu |
تَصُومَانِ taṣūmāni |
يَصُومَانِ yaṣūmāni |
naṣūmu |
taṣūmūna |
yaṣūmūna | |||
f | taṣūmīna |
taṣūmu |
تَصُومَانِ taṣūmāni |
taṣumna |
yaṣumna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔaṣūma |
taṣūma |
yaṣūma |
تَصُومَا taṣūmā |
يَصُومَا yaṣūmā |
naṣūma |
taṣūmū |
yaṣūmū | |||
f | taṣūmī |
taṣūma |
تَصُومَا taṣūmā |
taṣumna |
yaṣumna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔaṣum |
taṣum |
yaṣum |
تَصُومَا taṣūmā |
يَصُومَا yaṣūmā |
naṣum |
taṣūmū |
yaṣūmū | |||
f | taṣūmī |
taṣum |
تَصُومَا taṣūmā |
taṣumna |
yaṣumna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | ṣum |
ṣūmā |
ṣūmū |
||||||||
f | ṣūmī |
ṣumna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ṣimtu |
ṣimta |
ṣīma |
صِمْتُمَا ṣimtumā |
صِيمَا ṣīmā |
ṣimnā |
ṣimtum |
صِيمُوا ṣīmū | |||
f | ṣimti |
صِيمَتْ ṣīmat |
صِيمَتَا ṣīmatā |
ṣimtunna |
ṣimna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُصَامُ ʔuṣāmu |
تُصَامُ tuṣāmu |
yuṣāmu |
تُصَامَانِ tuṣāmāni |
يُصَامَانِ yuṣāmāni |
نُصَامُ nuṣāmu |
تُصَامُونَ tuṣāmūna |
يُصَامُونَ yuṣāmūna | |||
f | تُصَامِينَ tuṣāmīna |
تُصَامُ tuṣāmu |
تُصَامَانِ tuṣāmāni |
tuṣamna |
yuṣamna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُصَامَ ʔuṣāma |
تُصَامَ tuṣāma |
yuṣāma |
تُصَامَا tuṣāmā |
يُصَامَا yuṣāmā |
نُصَامَ nuṣāma |
تُصَامُوا tuṣāmū |
يُصَامُوا yuṣāmū | |||
f | تُصَامِي tuṣāmī |
تُصَامَ tuṣāma |
تُصَامَا tuṣāmā |
tuṣamna |
yuṣamna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuṣam |
tuṣam |
yuṣam |
تُصَامَا tuṣāmā |
يُصَامَا yuṣāmā |
nuṣam |
تُصَامُوا tuṣāmū |
يُصَامُوا yuṣāmū | |||
f | تُصَامِي tuṣāmī |
tuṣam |
تُصَامَا tuṣāmā |
tuṣamna |
yuṣamna |
References
- Freytag, Georg (1833) “صام”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 534
- Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 201–202
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “صام”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate
- Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 36
South Levantine Arabic
Root |
---|
ص و م |
3 terms |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sˤaːm/, [sˤɑːm]
Audio (al-Lidd) (file)
Conjugation
Conjugation of صام (ṣām) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | صمت (ṣumt) | صمت (ṣumt) | صام (ṣām) | صمنا (ṣumna) | صمتو (ṣumtu) | صامو (ṣāmu) | |
f | صمتي (ṣumti) | صامت (ṣāmat) | ||||||
present | m | بصوم (baṣūm) | بتصوم (bitṣūm) | بصوم (biṣūm) | منصوم (minṣūm) | بتصومو (bitṣūmu) | بيصومو (biṣūmu) | |
f | بتصومي (bitṣūmi) | بتصوم (bitṣūm) | ||||||
subjunctive | m | اصوم (aṣūm) | تصوم (tṣūm) | يصوم (yṣūm) | نصوم (nṣūm) | تصومو (tṣūmu) | يصومو (yṣūmu) | |
f | تصومي (tṣūmi) | تصوم (tṣūm) | ||||||
imperative | m | صوم (ṣūm) | صومو (ṣūmu) | |||||
f | صومي (ṣūmi) |
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