شیر

See also: شێر, سیر, سير, and ـسز

Baluchi

Noun

شیر • (šír)

milk

Burushaski

Etymology

From Classical Persian (šēr)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʃeːɾ/, [ʃeːɾ]

Noun

شیر (transliteration needed) (plural شیرشݸ)

lion

References

Sadaf Munshi (2015) “Word Lists”, in Burushaski Language Documentation Project‎.

Central Kurdish

شیر

Etymology

Cognate with Persian (šir).

Noun

شیر (şîr)

milk (the liquid)

Kashmiri

Etymology

Borrowed from Punjabi شیر (śer).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʃeːr/

Noun

شیر • (śēr) m (Devanagari शेर)

tiger
Synonym: سٕہہ (sụhh)

Verb

شیر • (śēr)

imperative singular of شیرُن (śērun, “to fix, repair”)

Khalaj

Noun

شیر (şîr) (definite accusative شیری, plural شیرلَر)

Arabic spelling of şîr (“lion”)

Declension

Declension of شیر

	singular	plural
nominative	شیر	شیرلَر
genitive	شیرۆݧ	شیرلَریݧ
dative	شیرکه	شیرلَرکه
definite accusative	شیرۆ	شیرلَری
locative	شیرچه	شیرلَرچه
ablative	شیرده	شیرلَرده
instrumental	شیرله	شیرلَرله
equative	شیروارا	شیرلَروارا

Persian

― A male African lion

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian 𐫢𐫃𐫡 (šgr /⁠šagr, šēr⁠/, “lion; (astronomy) Leo”).

Sense 2 is from the fact that the first taps in Iran looked like lions heads.

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʃeːɾ]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃeːɾ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʃeːɾ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʃeːɾ]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃiːɹ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃeɾ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	šēr
Dari reading^?	šēr
Iranian reading^?	šir
Tajik reading^?	šer

Noun


Iranian Persian	شیر
Dari	شیر
Tajik	шер

شیر • (šir or šêr) (plural شیرها (šir-hâ) or شیران (širân))

lion
Synonyms: ارسلان (arsalân), اسد (asad)
faucet, tap
(India) tiger (sometimes also applied to the leopard)

Derived terms

شیرمَرد (širmard, “hero, gallant”)
شیرزَن (širzan, “lioness, heroine”)
شیرفَش (širfaš, “lionlike, leonine”)
شیرَافکَن (šir-afkan, “lion-slayer”)
شیرَاوژَن (šir-owžan, “lion-slayer”)
شیردِل (šir-del, “lionheart”)
شیردال (šir-dâl, “griffin”)
شیرِ کوهی (šir-e-kuhi, “puma”)
شیرِ دَریایی (šir-e-daryâyi, “sea lion”)
تولِه‌شیر (tule-šir, “lion cub”)
شیرماهی (šir-mâhi, “Spanish mackerel”)
شیرشاه (šir-šâh, “Lion King”)
شیر و خوَرشید (šir-o-xoršid, “Lion and Sun”)
شیر یا خَط (šir-yâ-xat, “heads or tails”)
شیر شُدَن (šir šodan, “to summon up the courage”)
شیر کَردَن (šir kardan, “to incite, provoke”)

Descendants

→ Azerbaijani: şir
→ Bengali: শের (śer)
→ Gilaki: شیر (šīr)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: शेर (śer)

Urdu: شیر (šer)
→ Khalaj: şîr
→ Ottoman Turkish: شیر (şîr)
- Turkish: şir
→ Uzbek: sher

Proper noun

شیر • (šêr)

(astronomy) Leo
Synonym: اَسَد (asad)

References

MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “šagr, šēr”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, pages 78–79

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (HLḆA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (šyl), 𐫢𐫏𐫏𐫡 (šyyr /⁠šīr⁠/, “milk”), from Proto-Iranian *xšiHrám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšiHrám.

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʃiːɾ]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃiːɾ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʃiːɾ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʃiɾ]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃiːɹ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃiɾ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	šīr
Dari reading^?	šīr
Iranian reading^?	šir
Tajik reading^?	šir

Noun


Iranian Persian	شیر
Dari	شیر
Tajik	шир

شیر • (šir)

milk
kami šir ezâfe kon
Add a little milk.

Inflection

Possessive forms of شیر (šir)
	singular	plural
1^st person (“my, our”)	شیرم (širam)	شیرمان (širemân) [Term?]^△ (širemun)
2^nd person (“your”)	شیرت (širat) [Term?]^△ (širet)	شیرتان (širetân) [Term?]^△ (širetun)
3^rd person (“his, her, its, their”)	شیرش (širaš) [Term?]^△ (šireš)	شیرشان (širešân) [Term?]^△ (širešun)
^△ Colloquial.

Derived terms

هَمشیرِه (hamšire)

Descendants

→ Hindustani:
Hindi: शीर (śīr)

Urdu: شیر (šīr)

References

MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “šīr”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 90

Sindhi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian (šēr).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ʂerʊ]

Noun

شيرُ • (šeru) ?

tiger
a brave man

Urdu

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian (šēr).

Pronunciation

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ʃeːɾ/

Noun

شیر • (śer) m (Hindi spelling शेर)

lion
Synonym: سِن٘گھ (siṅgh)
tiger
Synonym: باگھ (bāgh)

Declension

Declension of شیر
	singular	plural
direct	شیر (śer)	شیر (śer)
oblique	شیر (śer)	شیروں (śerō̃)
vocative	شیر (śer)	شیرو (śerō)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian (šīr).

Pronunciation

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ʃiːɾ/

Noun

شِیر • (śīr) m (Hindi spelling शीर)

milk
Synonym: دودھ (dodh)

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