سواد

Arabic
سَوَاد صَبِيّةٍ (sawād ṣabiyyatin, “the silhouette of a girl”)
Root
س و د (s-w-d)

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /sa.waːd/

Noun

سَوَاد • (sawād) m (plural أَسْوِدَة (ʔaswida) or أَسَاوِد (ʔasāwid))

  1. (uncountable) blackness, black
  2. (uncountable or countable) an indistinct or unrecognizable figure; a shape; a silhouette; the shadow of a thing or an animal
    رَأَيْتُ سَوَادًا مِنْ بَعِيدٍ ― raʔaytu sawādan min baʕīdin ― I saw a shape in the distance.
  3. (uncountable) multitude (of people)
    سَوَادُ النَّاس ― sawādu n-nās ― the majority of people
  4. (countable, rare) the body of a human or an animal
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:ar:body
  5. (uncountable, dated) the backwoods; the countryside
    Synonyms: رِيف (rīf, “the countryside”), كَفْر (kafr, “a village”)

Declension
Declension of noun سَوَاد (sawād)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal سَوَاد
sawād		 السَّوَاد
as-sawād		 سَوَاد
sawād
Nominative سَوَادٌ
sawādun		 السَّوَادُ
as-sawādu		 سَوَادُ
sawādu
Accusative سَوَادًا
sawādan		 السَّوَادَ
as-sawāda		 سَوَادَ
sawāda
Genitive سَوَادٍ
sawādin		 السَّوَادِ
as-sawādi		 سَوَادِ
sawādi
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal سَوَادَيْن
sawādayn		 السَّوَادَيْن
as-sawādayn		 سَوَادَيْ
sawāday
Nominative سَوَادَانِ
sawādāni		 السَّوَادَانِ
as-sawādāni		 سَوَادَا
sawādā
Accusative سَوَادَيْنِ
sawādayni		 السَّوَادَيْنِ
as-sawādayni		 سَوَادَيْ
sawāday
Genitive سَوَادَيْنِ
sawādayni		 السَّوَادَيْنِ
as-sawādayni		 سَوَادَيْ
sawāday
Plural broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)‎; basic broken plural diptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal أَسْوِدَة‎; أَسَاوِد
ʔaswida‎; ʔasāwid		 الْأَسْوِدَة‎; الْأَسَاوِد
al-ʔaswida‎; al-ʔasāwid		 أَسْوِدَة‎; أَسَاوِد
ʔaswidat‎; ʔasāwid
Nominative أَسْوِدَةٌ‎; أَسَاوِدُ
ʔaswidatun‎; ʔasāwidu		 الْأَسْوِدَةُ‎; الْأَسَاوِدُ
al-ʔaswidatu‎; al-ʔasāwidu		 أَسْوِدَةُ‎; أَسَاوِدُ
ʔaswidatu‎; ʔasāwidu
Accusative أَسْوِدَةً‎; أَسَاوِدَ
ʔaswidatan‎; ʔasāwida		 الْأَسْوِدَةَ‎; الْأَسَاوِدَ
al-ʔaswidata‎; al-ʔasāwida		 أَسْوِدَةَ‎; أَسَاوِدَ
ʔaswidata‎; ʔasāwida
Genitive أَسْوِدَةٍ‎; أَسَاوِدَ
ʔaswidatin‎; ʔasāwida		 الْأَسْوِدَةِ‎; الْأَسَاوِدِ
al-ʔaswidati‎; al-ʔasāwidi		 أَسْوِدَةِ‎; أَسَاوِدِ
ʔaswidati‎; ʔasāwidi

Descendants
  • Maltese: swied
  • → Persian: سواد (savâd)
    • → Azerbaijani: savad
    • → Kazakh: сауат (sauat)
    • → Middle Armenian: սաւատ (sawat)
    • → Kyrgyz: сабат (sabat)
    • → Tatar: сәвәт (säwät), сәвад (säwad)
    • → Uzbek: савод (savod)

Proper noun

سَوَاد • (sawād) f

  1. (archaic, historical) Sawad, a fertile region in southern Iraq

Persian
سواد (sense 7)
سواد (sense 9)

Etymology 1

From Arabic سَوَاد (sawād).

Pronunciation
 
  • (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [sä.wɑ́ːd̪]
    • (Kabuli) IPA(key): [sä.wɑ́ːd̪]
    • (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [sä.wɔ́ːd̪̥]

Readings
Classical reading? sawāḏ
Dari reading? sawād
Iranian reading? savâd
Tajik reading? savod

Noun

سواد • (savâd) (plural سوادها (savâd-hâ))

  1. (archaic, literature) blackness (of hair, eyes, ink, etc.)
    • Saadi Shirazi
      لبان لعل چون خون کبوتر -- سواد زلف چون پر پرستو
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  2. (archaic, literature) darkness (of night, etc.)
  3. (archaic, literature) innermost part (of heart)
  4. (archaic) draft, an early version of a written document
    • Tarikh-i Bayhaqi
      استادم گفته سوادی کرده ام امروز بیاض کنند... گفت [ امیر ] نیک آمد.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  5. (archaic) manuscript (hand-written document)
    • Khaqani
      منم که گاه کتابت سواد شعر مرا فلک سزد که شود دفتر و ملک ورّاق .
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  6. (archaic) copy (the result of copying)
  7. (archaic, historical) Sawad, the fertile territory in southern Mesopotamia
  8. (archaic) countryside (rural area) (used both in singular and plural forms)
    • Hudud al-'Alam
      و اندر وی [ اندر خوزستان ] رودهای عظیم و آبهای روان است و سوادهای خرم
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  9. (archaic, architecture) decorative facade in Sasanian architecture, such as that of Arch of Ctesiphon
    • مرآت البلدان ناصری
      بالای این درگاه چهار طبقه پنجره است که از برای زینت جلو عمارت بنا شده و به اصطلاح بناهای این عصر آنها را سواد می نامند
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  10. literacy
    در تعریف سنتی سواد، توانایی خواندن و نوشتن است و یا توانایی به‌کاربردن زبان برای خواندن
    In the traditional sense, literacy is either the ability to read and write or one's own ability to read
  11. being knowledgeable and competent
Descendants
  • → Azerbaijani: savad
  • → Kazakh: сауат (sauat)
  • → Middle Armenian: սաւատ (sawat)
  • → Kyrgyz: сабат (sabat)
  • → Tatar: сәвәт (säwät), сәвад (säwad)
  • → Uzbek: савод (savod)

See also

Noun

سواد • (sovâd)

  1. an animal disease

References
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