زمستان
Persian
Alternative forms
- زمستون (zemestun)
Etymology
From Middle Persian [Term?] (ẕmstʾn' /zamestān/), from Proto-Iranian *jimáh + Proto-Iranian *stā́nam (whence the suffix, ـِستَان (-estân, “-stan”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰimás, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰimós (“cold, frost”).
Cognate with Northern Kurdish zivistan, Ossetian зымӕг (zymæg), Avestan 𐬰𐬌𐬌𐬃 (ziiā̊), Latin hiems, Sanskrit हिम (himá), Pashto ژمی (žaməy) / Pashto زمی (zaməy).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [za.mis.tɑːn]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [zɪ.mɪs.t̪ʰɑːn]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [zɪ.mɪs.t̪ʰɑːn]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [zi.mis.t̪ʰɔːn]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ze.mes.t̪ʰɒːn]
- (Tehrani) IPA(key): [ze.mes.t̪ʰuːn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [zi.mis.t̪ʰɔn]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | zamistān |
| Dari reading? | zimistān |
| Iranian reading? | zemestân |
| Tajik reading? | zimiston |
Noun
| Dari | زمستان |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | зимистон |
زمستان • (zemestân) (plural زمستانها (zemestân-hâ))
Derived terms
- زمستانی (zemestâni)
- چلهی زمستان (čelle-ye zemestân)
Descendants
- → Gujarati: ઝમિસ્થાન (jhamisthān) (partial calque)
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian زمستان (zamistān).
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