حمص

See also: حمض

Arabic

Etymology 1

Compare Akkadian 𒋰 (TAB /⁠ḫamāṭu⁠/, “to apply heat, to burn, to scorch, to parch, to roast”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ħam.ma.sˤa/

Verb

حَمَّصَ • (ḥammaṣa) II, non-past يُحَمِّصُ‎ (yuḥammiṣu)

to roast (coffee or meat), toast (bread)

Conjugation

Conjugation of

حَمَّصَ

(form-II sound)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَحْمِيص taḥmīṣ
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُحَمِّص muḥammiṣ
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُحَمَّص muḥammaṣ
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	حَمَّصْتُ ḥammaṣtu	حَمَّصْتَ ḥammaṣta	حَمَّصَ ḥammaṣa	حَمَّصْتُمَا ḥammaṣtumā	حَمَّصَا ḥammaṣā	حَمَّصْنَا ḥammaṣnā	حَمَّصْتُمْ ḥammaṣtum	حَمَّصُوا ḥammaṣū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	حَمَّصْتُ ḥammaṣtu	حَمَّصْتِ ḥammaṣti	حَمَّصَتْ ḥammaṣat	حَمَّصْتُمَا ḥammaṣtumā	حَمَّصَتَا ḥammaṣatā	حَمَّصْنَا ḥammaṣnā	حَمَّصْتُنَّ ḥammaṣtunna	حَمَّصْنَ ḥammaṣna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُحَمِّصُ ʔuḥammiṣu	تُحَمِّصُ tuḥammiṣu	يُحَمِّصُ yuḥammiṣu	تُحَمِّصَانِ tuḥammiṣāni	يُحَمِّصَانِ yuḥammiṣāni	نُحَمِّصُ nuḥammiṣu	تُحَمِّصُونَ tuḥammiṣūna	يُحَمِّصُونَ yuḥammiṣūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُحَمِّصُ ʔuḥammiṣu	تُحَمِّصِينَ tuḥammiṣīna	تُحَمِّصُ tuḥammiṣu	تُحَمِّصَانِ tuḥammiṣāni	تُحَمِّصَانِ tuḥammiṣāni	نُحَمِّصُ nuḥammiṣu	تُحَمِّصْنَ tuḥammiṣna	يُحَمِّصْنَ yuḥammiṣna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُحَمِّصَ ʔuḥammiṣa	تُحَمِّصَ tuḥammiṣa	يُحَمِّصَ yuḥammiṣa	تُحَمِّصَا tuḥammiṣā	يُحَمِّصَا yuḥammiṣā	نُحَمِّصَ nuḥammiṣa	تُحَمِّصُوا tuḥammiṣū	يُحَمِّصُوا yuḥammiṣū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُحَمِّصَ ʔuḥammiṣa	تُحَمِّصِي tuḥammiṣī	تُحَمِّصَ tuḥammiṣa	تُحَمِّصَا tuḥammiṣā	تُحَمِّصَا tuḥammiṣā	نُحَمِّصَ nuḥammiṣa	تُحَمِّصْنَ tuḥammiṣna	يُحَمِّصْنَ yuḥammiṣna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُحَمِّصْ ʔuḥammiṣ	تُحَمِّصْ tuḥammiṣ	يُحَمِّصْ yuḥammiṣ	تُحَمِّصَا tuḥammiṣā	يُحَمِّصَا yuḥammiṣā	نُحَمِّصْ nuḥammiṣ	تُحَمِّصُوا tuḥammiṣū	يُحَمِّصُوا yuḥammiṣū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُحَمِّصْ ʔuḥammiṣ	تُحَمِّصِي tuḥammiṣī	تُحَمِّصْ tuḥammiṣ	تُحَمِّصَا tuḥammiṣā	تُحَمِّصَا tuḥammiṣā	نُحَمِّصْ nuḥammiṣ	تُحَمِّصْنَ tuḥammiṣna	يُحَمِّصْنَ yuḥammiṣna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		حَمِّصْ ḥammiṣ		حَمِّصَا ḥammiṣā			حَمِّصُوا ḥammiṣū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		حَمِّصِي ḥammiṣī		حَمِّصَا ḥammiṣā			حَمِّصْنَ ḥammiṣna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	حُمِّصْتُ ḥummiṣtu	حُمِّصْتَ ḥummiṣta	حُمِّصَ ḥummiṣa	حُمِّصْتُمَا ḥummiṣtumā	حُمِّصَا ḥummiṣā	حُمِّصْنَا ḥummiṣnā	حُمِّصْتُمْ ḥummiṣtum	حُمِّصُوا ḥummiṣū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	حُمِّصْتُ ḥummiṣtu	حُمِّصْتِ ḥummiṣti	حُمِّصَتْ ḥummiṣat	حُمِّصْتُمَا ḥummiṣtumā	حُمِّصَتَا ḥummiṣatā	حُمِّصْنَا ḥummiṣnā	حُمِّصْتُنَّ ḥummiṣtunna	حُمِّصْنَ ḥummiṣna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُحَمَّصُ ʔuḥammaṣu	تُحَمَّصُ tuḥammaṣu	يُحَمَّصُ yuḥammaṣu	تُحَمَّصَانِ tuḥammaṣāni	يُحَمَّصَانِ yuḥammaṣāni	نُحَمَّصُ nuḥammaṣu	تُحَمَّصُونَ tuḥammaṣūna	يُحَمَّصُونَ yuḥammaṣūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُحَمَّصُ ʔuḥammaṣu	تُحَمَّصِينَ tuḥammaṣīna	تُحَمَّصُ tuḥammaṣu	تُحَمَّصَانِ tuḥammaṣāni	تُحَمَّصَانِ tuḥammaṣāni	نُحَمَّصُ nuḥammaṣu	تُحَمَّصْنَ tuḥammaṣna	يُحَمَّصْنَ yuḥammaṣna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُحَمَّصَ ʔuḥammaṣa	تُحَمَّصَ tuḥammaṣa	يُحَمَّصَ yuḥammaṣa	تُحَمَّصَا tuḥammaṣā	يُحَمَّصَا yuḥammaṣā	نُحَمَّصَ nuḥammaṣa	تُحَمَّصُوا tuḥammaṣū	يُحَمَّصُوا yuḥammaṣū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُحَمَّصَ ʔuḥammaṣa	تُحَمَّصِي tuḥammaṣī	تُحَمَّصَ tuḥammaṣa	تُحَمَّصَا tuḥammaṣā	تُحَمَّصَا tuḥammaṣā	نُحَمَّصَ nuḥammaṣa	تُحَمَّصْنَ tuḥammaṣna	يُحَمَّصْنَ yuḥammaṣna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُحَمَّصْ ʔuḥammaṣ	تُحَمَّصْ tuḥammaṣ	يُحَمَّصْ yuḥammaṣ	تُحَمَّصَا tuḥammaṣā	يُحَمَّصَا yuḥammaṣā	نُحَمَّصْ nuḥammaṣ	تُحَمَّصُوا tuḥammaṣū	يُحَمَّصُوا yuḥammaṣū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُحَمَّصْ ʔuḥammaṣ	تُحَمَّصِي tuḥammaṣī	تُحَمَّصْ tuḥammaṣ	تُحَمَّصَا tuḥammaṣā	تُحَمَّصَا tuḥammaṣā	نُحَمَّصْ nuḥammaṣ	تُحَمَّصْنَ tuḥammaṣna	يُحَمَّصْنَ yuḥammaṣna

Derived terms

مِحْمَصَة (miḥmaṣa, “coffee roaster”)

Etymology 2

The vowel variation points to it being borrowed from Aramaic חִימְצָא (ḥimməṣā) / חוּמְצָא (ḥumməṣā, “chickpea”). Cognate with Hebrew חִמְצָה (ḥimṣā́), possibly also related to Akkadian 𒋰 (TAB /⁠ḫamāṭu⁠/, “to apply heat, to burn, to scorch, to parch, to roast”), in the sense of being dehydrated or dried out beans.

Pronunciation

(noun 1) IPA^(key): /ħim.misˤ/, /ħim.masˤ/
(noun 2) IPA^(key): /ħum.musˤ/

Noun

حِمِّص or حِمَّص • (ḥimmiṣ or ḥimmaṣ) m (collective, singulative حِمِّصَة f (ḥimmiṣa) or حِمَّصَة (ḥimmaṣa))

chickpea

Declension

Declension of noun حِمِّص (ḥimmiṣ)‎; حِمَّص (ḥimmaṣ)

Collective	basic collective triptote
Collective	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حِمِّص‎; حِمَّص ḥimmiṣ‎; ḥimmaṣ	الْحِمِّص‎; الْحِمَّص al-ḥimmiṣ‎; al-ḥimmaṣ	حِمِّص‎; حِمَّص ḥimmiṣ‎; ḥimmaṣ
Nominative	حِمِّصٌ‎; حِمَّصٌ ḥimmiṣun‎; ḥimmaṣun	الْحِمِّصُ‎; الْحِمَّصُ al-ḥimmiṣu‎; al-ḥimmaṣu	حِمِّصُ‎; حِمَّصُ ḥimmiṣu‎; ḥimmaṣu
Accusative	حِمِّصًا‎; حِمَّصًا ḥimmiṣan‎; ḥimmaṣan	الْحِمِّصَ‎; الْحِمَّصَ al-ḥimmiṣa‎; al-ḥimmaṣa	حِمِّصَ‎; حِمَّصَ ḥimmiṣa‎; ḥimmaṣa
Genitive	حِمِّصٍ‎; حِمَّصٍ ḥimmiṣin‎; ḥimmaṣin	الْحِمِّصِ‎; الْحِمَّصِ al-ḥimmiṣi‎; al-ḥimmaṣi	حِمِّصِ‎; حِمَّصِ ḥimmiṣi‎; ḥimmaṣi
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
Singulative	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حِمِّصَة‎; حِمَّصَة ḥimmiṣa‎; ḥimmaṣa	الْحِمِّصَة‎; الْحِمَّصَة al-ḥimmiṣa‎; al-ḥimmaṣa	حِمِّصَة‎; حِمَّصَة ḥimmiṣat‎; ḥimmaṣat
Nominative	حِمِّصَةٌ‎; حِمَّصَةٌ ḥimmiṣatun‎; ḥimmaṣatun	الْحِمِّصَةُ‎; الْحِمَّصَةُ al-ḥimmiṣatu‎; al-ḥimmaṣatu	حِمِّصَةُ‎; حِمَّصَةُ ḥimmiṣatu‎; ḥimmaṣatu
Accusative	حِمِّصَةً‎; حِمَّصَةً ḥimmiṣatan‎; ḥimmaṣatan	الْحِمِّصَةَ‎; الْحِمَّصَةَ al-ḥimmiṣata‎; al-ḥimmaṣata	حِمِّصَةَ‎; حِمَّصَةَ ḥimmiṣata‎; ḥimmaṣata
Genitive	حِمِّصَةٍ‎; حِمَّصَةٍ ḥimmiṣatin‎; ḥimmaṣatin	الْحِمِّصَةِ‎; الْحِمَّصَةِ al-ḥimmiṣati‎; al-ḥimmaṣati	حِمِّصَةِ‎; حِمَّصَةِ ḥimmiṣati‎; ḥimmaṣati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حِمِّصَتَيْن‎; حِمَّصَتَيْن ḥimmiṣatayn‎; ḥimmaṣatayn	الْحِمِّصَتَيْن‎; الْحِمَّصَتَيْن al-ḥimmiṣatayn‎; al-ḥimmaṣatayn	حِمِّصَتَيْ‎; حِمَّصَتَيْ ḥimmiṣatay‎; ḥimmaṣatay
Nominative	حِمِّصَتَانِ‎; حِمَّصَتَانِ ḥimmiṣatāni‎; ḥimmaṣatāni	الْحِمِّصَتَانِ‎; الْحِمَّصَتَانِ al-ḥimmiṣatāni‎; al-ḥimmaṣatāni	حِمِّصَتَا‎; حِمَّصَتَا ḥimmiṣatā‎; ḥimmaṣatā
Accusative	حِمِّصَتَيْنِ‎; حِمَّصَتَيْنِ ḥimmiṣatayni‎; ḥimmaṣatayni	الْحِمِّصَتَيْنِ‎; الْحِمَّصَتَيْنِ al-ḥimmiṣatayni‎; al-ḥimmaṣatayni	حِمِّصَتَيْ‎; حِمَّصَتَيْ ḥimmiṣatay‎; ḥimmaṣatay
Genitive	حِمِّصَتَيْنِ‎; حِمَّصَتَيْنِ ḥimmiṣatayni‎; ḥimmaṣatayni	الْحِمِّصَتَيْنِ‎; الْحِمَّصَتَيْنِ al-ḥimmiṣatayni‎; al-ḥimmaṣatayni	حِمِّصَتَيْ‎; حِمَّصَتَيْ ḥimmiṣatay‎; ḥimmaṣatay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
Paucal (3-10)	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حِمِّصَات‎; حِمَّصَات ḥimmiṣāt‎; ḥimmaṣāt	الْحِمِّصَات‎; الْحِمَّصَات al-ḥimmiṣāt‎; al-ḥimmaṣāt	حِمِّصَات‎; حِمَّصَات ḥimmiṣāt‎; ḥimmaṣāt
Nominative	حِمِّصَاتٌ‎; حِمَّصَاتٌ ḥimmiṣātun‎; ḥimmaṣātun	الْحِمِّصَاتُ‎; الْحِمَّصَاتُ al-ḥimmiṣātu‎; al-ḥimmaṣātu	حِمِّصَاتُ‎; حِمَّصَاتُ ḥimmiṣātu‎; ḥimmaṣātu
Accusative	حِمِّصَاتٍ‎; حِمَّصَاتٍ ḥimmiṣātin‎; ḥimmaṣātin	الْحِمِّصَاتِ‎; الْحِمَّصَاتِ al-ḥimmiṣāti‎; al-ḥimmaṣāti	حِمِّصَاتِ‎; حِمَّصَاتِ ḥimmiṣāti‎; ḥimmaṣāti
Genitive	حِمِّصَاتٍ‎; حِمَّصَاتٍ ḥimmiṣātin‎; ḥimmaṣātin	الْحِمِّصَاتِ‎; الْحِمَّصَاتِ al-ḥimmiṣāti‎; al-ḥimmaṣāti	حِمِّصَاتِ‎; حِمَّصَاتِ ḥimmiṣāti‎; ḥimmaṣāti

Noun

حُمُّص • (ḥummuṣ) m

(colloquial) Alternative form of حِمِّص (ḥimmiṣ)
hummus

Declension

Declension of noun حُمُّص (ḥummuṣ)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حُمُّص ḥummuṣ	الْحُمُّص al-ḥummuṣ	حُمُّص ḥummuṣ
Nominative	حُمُّصٌ ḥummuṣun	الْحُمُّصُ al-ḥummuṣu	حُمُّصُ ḥummuṣu
Accusative	حُمُّصًا ḥummuṣan	الْحُمُّصَ al-ḥummuṣa	حُمُّصَ ḥummuṣa
Genitive	حُمُّصٍ ḥummuṣin	الْحُمُّصِ al-ḥummuṣi	حُمُّصِ ḥummuṣi

Synonyms

(hummus): حُمُّص بِطَحِينَةٍ (ḥummuṣ bi-ṭaḥīna)

Descendants

→ English: hummus
→ Hebrew: חוּמוּס (khumus)
→ Ottoman Turkish: حمص (hımmıs)
→ Yiddish: כומוס (khumus)

References

“ḥmṣyn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 108
Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 141
Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 433
Nöldeke, Theodor (1875) Mandäische Grammatik‎ (in German), Halle: Verlag der Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses, page 120 § 103 footnote 1

Etymology 3

From جُنْد حِمْص, “the military district or legion of Ḥims”, from Ancient Greek Ἔμεσᾰ (Émesa), descendant of Aramaic חֲמָת (ḥamāth, “fortress”, literally “frustration, hindrance”) + צובָא (ṣōwḇā, “near, surrounding, station”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ħimsˤ/

Proper noun

حِمْص • (ḥimṣ) f

Homs (a city in Syria).
Homs (a governorate of Syria).
(historical) Seville
- 1267, Abu al-Baqa al-Rundi, Elegy for al-Andalus

Declension

Declension of noun حِمْص (ḥimṣ)

Singular	basic singular diptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	—	حِمْص ḥimṣ	—
Nominative	—	حِمْصُ ḥimṣu	—
Accusative	—	حِمْصَ ḥimṣa	—
Genitive	—	حِمْصَ ḥimṣa	—

Synonyms

(Homs): أُمّ الْحِجَار السُّود (ʔumm al-ḥijār as-sūd)
(Seville): حِمْص الأَنْدَلُس (ḥimṣ al-ʔandalus)

Derived terms

حِمْصِيّ (ḥimṣiyy)

Descendants

→ Ancient Greek: Χέμψ (Khémps)
→ Ottoman Turkish: حمص (Hıms)

References

Wehr, Hans (1979) “حمص”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

North Levantine Arabic

Etymology 1

From Arabic حِمِّص (ḥimmiṣ), حُمُّص (ḥummuṣ).

Noun

حمص • (ḥummuṣ)

(uncountable) hummus
(collective, uncountable) chickpeas

Etymology 2

Compare Modern Standard Arabic حِمْص (ḥimṣ).

Proper noun

حمص • (ḥumṣ)

Homs (a city in Syria)

Descendants

Turkish: Humus

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic حِمِّص (ḥimmiṣ).

Noun

حمص • (hımmıs)

chickpea

Related terms

حمصی (hımmısî)

Descendants

Turkish: humus

References

Redhouse, James W. (1890) “حمص”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 806

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic حِمْص (Ḥims).

Proper noun

حمص • (Hıms, vulg. Hams)

Homs (a city in Syria)

Related terms

حمصی (Hımsî)

References

Redhouse, James W. (1890) “حمص”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 805
Sezen, Tahir (2017) “Humus”, in Osmanlı Yer Adları [Ottoman Place Names]‎, 2nd edition, Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü, page 359

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ح م ص
2 terms

Etymology 1

From Arabic حَمَّص (ḥammaṣ).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ħam.masˤ/, [ˈħɑm.mɑsˤ]
Audio (al-Lidd) (file)

Verb

حمّص • (ḥammaṣ) II (present بحمّص (biḥammeṣ))

to roast (coffee, seeds etc.)
to toast (bread)

Conjugation

Conjugation of حمّص (ḥammaṣ)
		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
past	m	حمّصت (ḥammaṣt)	حمّصت (ḥammaṣt)	حمّص (ḥammaṣ)	حمّصنا (ḥammaṣna)	حمّصتو (ḥammaṣtu)	حمّصو (ḥammaṣu)
past	f	حمّصت (ḥammaṣt)	حمّصتي (ḥammaṣti)	حمّصت (ḥammaṣat)	حمّصنا (ḥammaṣna)	حمّصتو (ḥammaṣtu)	حمّصو (ḥammaṣu)
present	m	بحمّص (baḥammeṣ)	بتحمّص (bitḥammeṣ)	بحمّص (biḥammeṣ)	منحمّص (minḥammeṣ)	بتحمّصو (bitḥammṣu)	بحمّصو (biḥammṣu)
present	f	بحمّص (baḥammeṣ)	بتحمّصي (bitḥammṣi)	بتحمّص (bitḥammeṣ)	منحمّص (minḥammeṣ)	بتحمّصو (bitḥammṣu)	بحمّصو (biḥammṣu)
subjunctive	m	احمّص (aḥammeṣ)	تحمّص (tḥammeṣ)	يحمّص (yḥammeṣ)	نحمّص (nḥammeṣ)	تحمّصو (tḥammṣu)	يحمّصو (yḥammṣu)
subjunctive	f	احمّص (aḥammeṣ)	تحمّصي (tḥammṣi)	تحمّص (tḥammeṣ)	نحمّص (nḥammeṣ)	تحمّصو (tḥammṣu)	يحمّصو (yḥammṣu)
imperative	m		حمّص (ḥammeṣ)			حمّصو (ḥammṣu)
imperative	f		حمّصي (ḥammṣi)			حمّصو (ḥammṣu)

Etymology 2

From Arabic حُمُّص (ḥummuṣ) and حِمِّص (ḥimmiṣ).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ħum.mosˤ/, [ˈħʊm.mʊsˤ]
Audio (Ramallah) (file)

Noun

حمّص • (ḥummoṣ) m

(uncountable) chickpeas
حبة حمّص ― ḥabbet ḥummoṣ ― a chickpea
hummus
صحن حمّص ― ṣaḥn ḥummoṣ ― a plate of hummus

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