حرباء

Arabic

حِرْبَاء

Etymology

From حَرْبَة (ḥarba, “dart, javelin; weapon in a general sense”) from the root ح ر ب (ḥ-r-b); likely a reference to the projectile-like tongue of a chameleon. Cognate with Akkadian 𒁇𒁯𒁯𒉡 (/⁠ḫurbabillu⁠/, “chameleon”) and Eblaite 𒄯𒁀𒌝 (ḫur.ba.um, “chameleon”).
Deriving from the root ح ر ب (ḥ-r-b) in the sense of "becoming enraged or to grow agitated", as the changing of color is used idiomatically to denote changes in states or moods in Semitic Languages.
Alternatively, philologist Georg Freytag lists it as from a Persian (xorbâ) (> (xwarbân, “sun-keeper”)), giving the meaning “guardian of the sun”; perhaps related to Persian (âftâb-parast, “chameleon”, literally “sun-worshiper”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ħir.baːʔ/

Noun

حِرْبَاء • (ḥirbāʔ) m (plural حَرَابِيّ (ḥarābiyy))

chameleon

Declension

Declension of noun حِرْبَاء (ḥirbāʔ)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حِرْبَاء ḥirbāʔ	الْحِرْبَاء al-ḥirbāʔ	حِرْبَاء ḥirbāʔ
Nominative	حِرْبَاءٌ ḥirbāʔun	الْحِرْبَاءُ al-ḥirbāʔu	حِرْبَاءُ ḥirbāʔu
Accusative	حِرْبَاءً ḥirbāʔan	الْحِرْبَاءَ al-ḥirbāʔa	حِرْبَاءَ ḥirbāʔa
Genitive	حِرْبَاءٍ ḥirbāʔin	الْحِرْبَاءِ al-ḥirbāʔi	حِرْبَاءِ ḥirbāʔi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حِرْبَاءَيْن ḥirbāʔayn	الْحِرْبَاءَيْن al-ḥirbāʔayn	حِرْبَاءَيْ ḥirbāʔay
Nominative	حِرْبَاءَانِ ḥirbāʔāni	الْحِرْبَاءَانِ al-ḥirbāʔāni	حِرْبَاءَا ḥirbāʔā
Accusative	حِرْبَاءَيْنِ ḥirbāʔayni	الْحِرْبَاءَيْنِ al-ḥirbāʔayni	حِرْبَاءَيْ ḥirbāʔay
Genitive	حِرْبَاءَيْنِ ḥirbāʔayni	الْحِرْبَاءَيْنِ al-ḥirbāʔayni	حِرْبَاءَيْ ḥirbāʔay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَرَابِي ḥarābī	الْحَرَابِي al-ḥarābī	حَرَابِي ḥarābī
Nominative	حَرَابِيٌّ ḥarābiyyun	الْحَرَابِيُّ al-ḥarābiyyu	حَرَابِيُّ ḥarābiyyu
Accusative	حَرَابِيًّا ḥarābiyyan	الْحَرَابِيَّ al-ḥarābiyya	حَرَابِيَّ ḥarābiyya
Genitive	حَرَابِيٍّ ḥarābiyyin	الْحَرَابِيِّ al-ḥarābiyyi	حَرَابِيِّ ḥarābiyyi

Synonyms

جَمَل اليَهُود (jamal al-yahūd, literally “Jewish camel”)

References

Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “خربا”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
Freytag, Georg (1830) “حرباء”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 361
Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “حرباء”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 403
Lane, Edward William (1863) “حرباء”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 540–541
Black, Jeremy, George, Andrew, Postgate, Nicholas (2000) A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, 2nd corrected edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, page 121
Leonid Kogan (2006), Animal Names: 4.3. Lizards in Babel und Bibel 3: Annual of Ancient Near Eastern, Old Testament, and Semitic Studies, Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns in conjunction with the Russian State University for Humanities, page 298, note 177

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