حجل
Arabic
Etymology
The absence of farther cognates suggests a borrowing of the name for the bird from Classical Syriac ܚܰܓܠܴܐ (ḥaḡlā), ܚܰܓܠܬܴܐ (ḥaḡəlṯā, “partridge”), also appearing early, although by itself the term is unsuspicious and cognacy cannot be excluded. Although there is a potential semantic connection to the verb “to hop”, this would require a synonymous verb to exist in a common ancestor of Arabic and Syriac as the latter is, owing to its age, unlikely to be a borrowing from Arabic, so if the words are related, the verb would have to be denominal. In that case, the word for an anklet could also be denominal, naming a thing on the part of the body used to hop; however there is also a connection to ح ج ر (ḥ-j-r) and its Semitic matches related to detaining and Aramaic חֲגַל (ḥăḡal) / ܚܓܰܠ (ḥgal, “to draw a circle about, to gird”), possibly the source verb of the name of the partridge due to its going around or due to its bulbous body depending on the species, Ge'ez ሐገለ (ḥägälä, “to tie, to bind”), also Ge'ez ሐግል (ḥägl, “shackle, fetter”), and the surrounding meaning is again found for the root ḥ-g-l in Old South Arabian and Soqotri, which implies together with the consideration of workmanship lacking in the Najd that instead, the word for an anklet or shackle was borrowed into Arabic from a more southern Semitic language, from which the word for hopping was then derived, whereas the word for the partridge is to be seen as borrowed from Aramaic to account for its etymology.
Noun
حَجَل • (ḥajal) m (collective, singulative حَجَلَة f (ḥajala), plural حِجْلَان (ḥijlān) or حِجْلَى (ḥijlā))
Declension
Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | حَجَل ḥajal |
الْحَجَل al-ḥajal |
حَجَل ḥajal |
Nominative | حَجَلٌ ḥajalun |
الْحَجَلُ al-ḥajalu |
حَجَلُ ḥajalu |
Accusative | حَجَلًا ḥajalan |
الْحَجَلَ al-ḥajala |
حَجَلَ ḥajala |
Genitive | حَجَلٍ ḥajalin |
الْحَجَلِ al-ḥajali |
حَجَلِ ḥajali |
Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | حَجَلَة ḥajala |
الْحَجَلَة al-ḥajala |
حَجَلَة ḥajalat |
Nominative | حَجَلَةٌ ḥajalatun |
الْحَجَلَةُ al-ḥajalatu |
حَجَلَةُ ḥajalatu |
Accusative | حَجَلَةً ḥajalatan |
الْحَجَلَةَ al-ḥajalata |
حَجَلَةَ ḥajalata |
Genitive | حَجَلَةٍ ḥajalatin |
الْحَجَلَةِ al-ḥajalati |
حَجَلَةِ ḥajalati |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | حَجَلَتَيْن ḥajalatayn |
الْحَجَلَتَيْن al-ḥajalatayn |
حَجَلَتَيْ ḥajalatay |
Nominative | حَجَلَتَانِ ḥajalatāni |
الْحَجَلَتَانِ al-ḥajalatāni |
حَجَلَتَا ḥajalatā |
Accusative | حَجَلَتَيْنِ ḥajalatayni |
الْحَجَلَتَيْنِ al-ḥajalatayni |
حَجَلَتَيْ ḥajalatay |
Genitive | حَجَلَتَيْنِ ḥajalatayni |
الْحَجَلَتَيْنِ al-ḥajalatayni |
حَجَلَتَيْ ḥajalatay |
Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | حَجَلَات ḥajalāt |
الْحَجَلَات al-ḥajalāt |
حَجَلَات ḥajalāt |
Nominative | حَجَلَاتٌ ḥajalātun |
الْحَجَلَاتُ al-ḥajalātu |
حَجَلَاتُ ḥajalātu |
Accusative | حَجَلَاتٍ ḥajalātin |
الْحَجَلَاتِ al-ḥajalāti |
حَجَلَاتِ ḥajalāti |
Genitive | حَجَلَاتٍ ḥajalātin |
الْحَجَلَاتِ al-ḥajalāti |
حَجَلَاتِ ḥajalāti |
Plural of variety | basic broken plural triptote; broken plural invariable | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | حِجْلَان; حِجْلَى ḥijlān; ḥijlā |
الْحِجْلَان; الْحِجْلَى al-ḥijlān; al-ḥijlā |
حِجْلَان; حِجْلَى ḥijlān; ḥijlā |
Nominative | حِجْلَانٌ; حِجْلَى ḥijlānun; ḥijlā |
الْحِجْلَانُ; الْحِجْلَى al-ḥijlānu; al-ḥijlā |
حِجْلَانُ; حِجْلَى ḥijlānu; ḥijlā |
Accusative | حِجْلَانًا; حِجْلَى ḥijlānan; ḥijlā |
الْحِجْلَانَ; الْحِجْلَى al-ḥijlāna; al-ḥijlā |
حِجْلَانَ; حِجْلَى ḥijlāna; ḥijlā |
Genitive | حِجْلَانٍ; حِجْلَى ḥijlānin; ḥijlā |
الْحِجْلَانِ; الْحِجْلَى al-ḥijlāni; al-ḥijlā |
حِجْلَانِ; حِجْلَى ḥijlāni; ḥijlā |
Descendants
- Maltese: ħaġel
- → Tigre: ሓገል (ḥagäl)
Verb
حَجَلَ • (ḥajala) I, non-past يَحْجُلُ or يَحْجِلُ (yaḥjulu or yaḥjilu)
Conjugation
verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
حَجْل or حَجَلَان ḥajl or ḥajalān | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
حَاجِل ḥājil | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَحْجُول maḥjūl | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | حَجَلْتُ ḥajaltu |
حَجَلْتَ ḥajalta |
ḥajala |
حَجَلْتُمَا ḥajaltumā |
حَجَلَا ḥajalā |
حَجَلْنَا ḥajalnā |
حَجَلْتُمْ ḥajaltum |
حَجَلُوا ḥajalū | |||
f | حَجَلْتِ ḥajalti |
حَجَلَتْ ḥajalat |
حَجَلَتَا ḥajalatā |
حَجَلْتُنَّ ḥajaltunna |
حَجَلْنَ ḥajalna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أَحْجُلُ or أَحْجِلُ ʔaḥjulu or ʔaḥjilu |
تَحْجُلُ or تَحْجِلُ taḥjulu or taḥjilu |
يَحْجُلُ or يَحْجِلُ yaḥjulu or yaḥjilu |
تَحْجُلَانِ or تَحْجِلَانِ taḥjulāni or taḥjilāni |
يَحْجُلَانِ or يَحْجِلَانِ yaḥjulāni or yaḥjilāni |
نَحْجُلُ or نَحْجِلُ naḥjulu or naḥjilu |
تَحْجُلُونَ or تَحْجِلُونَ taḥjulūna or taḥjilūna |
يَحْجُلُونَ or يَحْجِلُونَ yaḥjulūna or yaḥjilūna | |||
f | تَحْجُلِينَ or تَحْجِلِينَ taḥjulīna or taḥjilīna |
تَحْجُلُ or تَحْجِلُ taḥjulu or taḥjilu |
تَحْجُلَانِ or تَحْجِلَانِ taḥjulāni or taḥjilāni |
تَحْجُلْنَ or تَحْجِلْنَ taḥjulna or taḥjilna |
يَحْجُلْنَ or يَحْجِلْنَ yaḥjulna or yaḥjilna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أَحْجُلَ or أَحْجِلَ ʔaḥjula or ʔaḥjila |
تَحْجُلَ or تَحْجِلَ taḥjula or taḥjila |
يَحْجُلَ or يَحْجِلَ yaḥjula or yaḥjila |
تَحْجُلَا or تَحْجِلَا taḥjulā or taḥjilā |
يَحْجُلَا or يَحْجِلَا yaḥjulā or yaḥjilā |
نَحْجُلَ or نَحْجِلَ naḥjula or naḥjila |
تَحْجُلُوا or تَحْجِلُوا taḥjulū or taḥjilū |
يَحْجُلُوا or يَحْجِلُوا yaḥjulū or yaḥjilū | |||
f | تَحْجُلِي or تَحْجِلِي taḥjulī or taḥjilī |
تَحْجُلَ or تَحْجِلَ taḥjula or taḥjila |
تَحْجُلَا or تَحْجِلَا taḥjulā or taḥjilā |
تَحْجُلْنَ or تَحْجِلْنَ taḥjulna or taḥjilna |
يَحْجُلْنَ or يَحْجِلْنَ yaḥjulna or yaḥjilna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أَحْجُلْ or أَحْجِلْ ʔaḥjul or ʔaḥjil |
تَحْجُلْ or تَحْجِلْ taḥjul or taḥjil |
يَحْجُلْ or يَحْجِلْ yaḥjul or yaḥjil |
تَحْجُلَا or تَحْجِلَا taḥjulā or taḥjilā |
يَحْجُلَا or يَحْجِلَا yaḥjulā or yaḥjilā |
نَحْجُلْ or نَحْجِلْ naḥjul or naḥjil |
تَحْجُلُوا or تَحْجِلُوا taḥjulū or taḥjilū |
يَحْجُلُوا or يَحْجِلُوا yaḥjulū or yaḥjilū | |||
f | تَحْجُلِي or تَحْجِلِي taḥjulī or taḥjilī |
تَحْجُلْ or تَحْجِلْ taḥjul or taḥjil |
تَحْجُلَا or تَحْجِلَا taḥjulā or taḥjilā |
تَحْجُلْنَ or تَحْجِلْنَ taḥjulna or taḥjilna |
يَحْجُلْنَ or يَحْجِلْنَ yaḥjulna or yaḥjilna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | اُحْجُلْ or اِحْجِلْ uḥjul or iḥjil |
اُحْجُلَا or اِحْجِلَا uḥjulā or iḥjilā |
اُحْجُلُوا or اِحْجِلُوا uḥjulū or iḥjilū |
||||||||
f | اُحْجُلِي or اِحْجِلِي uḥjulī or iḥjilī |
اُحْجُلْنَ or اِحْجِلْنَ uḥjulna or iḥjilna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | — | — | ḥujila |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | — | — | يُحْجَلُ yuḥjalu |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | — | — | يُحْجَلَ yuḥjala |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | — | — | يُحْجَلْ yuḥjal |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — |
Verb
حَجَّلَ • (ḥajjala) II, non-past يُحَجِّلُ (yuḥajjilu)
Conjugation
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
تَحْجِيل taḥjīl | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
مُحَجِّل muḥajjil | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مُحَجَّل muḥajjal | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | حَجَّلْتُ ḥajjaltu |
حَجَّلْتَ ḥajjalta |
ḥajjala |
حَجَّلْتُمَا ḥajjaltumā |
حَجَّلَا ḥajjalā |
حَجَّلْنَا ḥajjalnā |
حَجَّلْتُمْ ḥajjaltum |
حَجَّلُوا ḥajjalū | |||
f | حَجَّلْتِ ḥajjalti |
حَجَّلَتْ ḥajjalat |
حَجَّلَتَا ḥajjalatā |
حَجَّلْتُنَّ ḥajjaltunna |
حَجَّلْنَ ḥajjalna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُحَجِّلُ ʔuḥajjilu |
تُحَجِّلُ tuḥajjilu |
يُحَجِّلُ yuḥajjilu |
تُحَجِّلَانِ tuḥajjilāni |
يُحَجِّلَانِ yuḥajjilāni |
نُحَجِّلُ nuḥajjilu |
تُحَجِّلُونَ tuḥajjilūna |
يُحَجِّلُونَ yuḥajjilūna | |||
f | تُحَجِّلِينَ tuḥajjilīna |
تُحَجِّلُ tuḥajjilu |
تُحَجِّلَانِ tuḥajjilāni |
تُحَجِّلْنَ tuḥajjilna |
يُحَجِّلْنَ yuḥajjilna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُحَجِّلَ ʔuḥajjila |
تُحَجِّلَ tuḥajjila |
يُحَجِّلَ yuḥajjila |
تُحَجِّلَا tuḥajjilā |
يُحَجِّلَا yuḥajjilā |
نُحَجِّلَ nuḥajjila |
تُحَجِّلُوا tuḥajjilū |
يُحَجِّلُوا yuḥajjilū | |||
f | تُحَجِّلِي tuḥajjilī |
تُحَجِّلَ tuḥajjila |
تُحَجِّلَا tuḥajjilā |
تُحَجِّلْنَ tuḥajjilna |
يُحَجِّلْنَ yuḥajjilna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُحَجِّلْ ʔuḥajjil |
تُحَجِّلْ tuḥajjil |
يُحَجِّلْ yuḥajjil |
تُحَجِّلَا tuḥajjilā |
يُحَجِّلَا yuḥajjilā |
نُحَجِّلْ nuḥajjil |
تُحَجِّلُوا tuḥajjilū |
يُحَجِّلُوا yuḥajjilū | |||
f | تُحَجِّلِي tuḥajjilī |
تُحَجِّلْ tuḥajjil |
تُحَجِّلَا tuḥajjilā |
تُحَجِّلْنَ tuḥajjilna |
يُحَجِّلْنَ yuḥajjilna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | ḥajjil |
حَجِّلَا ḥajjilā |
حَجِّلُوا ḥajjilū |
||||||||
f | حَجِّلِي ḥajjilī |
حَجِّلْنَ ḥajjilna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | حُجِّلْتُ ḥujjiltu |
حُجِّلْتَ ḥujjilta |
ḥujjila |
حُجِّلْتُمَا ḥujjiltumā |
حُجِّلَا ḥujjilā |
حُجِّلْنَا ḥujjilnā |
حُجِّلْتُمْ ḥujjiltum |
حُجِّلُوا ḥujjilū | |||
f | حُجِّلْتِ ḥujjilti |
حُجِّلَتْ ḥujjilat |
حُجِّلَتَا ḥujjilatā |
حُجِّلْتُنَّ ḥujjiltunna |
حُجِّلْنَ ḥujjilna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُحَجَّلُ ʔuḥajjalu |
تُحَجَّلُ tuḥajjalu |
يُحَجَّلُ yuḥajjalu |
تُحَجَّلَانِ tuḥajjalāni |
يُحَجَّلَانِ yuḥajjalāni |
نُحَجَّلُ nuḥajjalu |
تُحَجَّلُونَ tuḥajjalūna |
يُحَجَّلُونَ yuḥajjalūna | |||
f | تُحَجَّلِينَ tuḥajjalīna |
تُحَجَّلُ tuḥajjalu |
تُحَجَّلَانِ tuḥajjalāni |
تُحَجَّلْنَ tuḥajjalna |
يُحَجَّلْنَ yuḥajjalna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُحَجَّلَ ʔuḥajjala |
تُحَجَّلَ tuḥajjala |
يُحَجَّلَ yuḥajjala |
تُحَجَّلَا tuḥajjalā |
يُحَجَّلَا yuḥajjalā |
نُحَجَّلَ nuḥajjala |
تُحَجَّلُوا tuḥajjalū |
يُحَجَّلُوا yuḥajjalū | |||
f | تُحَجَّلِي tuḥajjalī |
تُحَجَّلَ tuḥajjala |
تُحَجَّلَا tuḥajjalā |
تُحَجَّلْنَ tuḥajjalna |
يُحَجَّلْنَ yuḥajjalna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُحَجَّلْ ʔuḥajjal |
تُحَجَّلْ tuḥajjal |
يُحَجَّلْ yuḥajjal |
تُحَجَّلَا tuḥajjalā |
يُحَجَّلَا yuḥajjalā |
نُحَجَّلْ nuḥajjal |
تُحَجَّلُوا tuḥajjalū |
يُحَجَّلُوا yuḥajjalū | |||
f | تُحَجَّلِي tuḥajjalī |
تُحَجَّلْ tuḥajjal |
تُحَجَّلَا tuḥajjalā |
تُحَجَّلْنَ tuḥajjalna |
يُحَجَّلْنَ yuḥajjalna |
Declension
Derived terms
- حَجْلَة (ḥajla, “one hop”)
Noun
حِجْل or حَجْل • (ḥijl or ḥajl) m (plural حُجُول (ḥujūl) or أَحْجَال (ʔaḥjāl))
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | حِجْل; حَجْل ḥijl; ḥajl |
الْحِجْل; الْحَجْل al-ḥijl; al-ḥajl |
حِجْل; حَجْل ḥijl; ḥajl |
Nominative | حِجْلٌ; حَجْلٌ ḥijlun; ḥajlun |
الْحِجْلُ; الْحَجْلُ al-ḥijlu; al-ḥajlu |
حِجْلُ; حَجْلُ ḥijlu; ḥajlu |
Accusative | حِجْلًا; حَجْلًا ḥijlan; ḥajlan |
الْحِجْلَ; الْحَجْلَ al-ḥijla; al-ḥajla |
حِجْلَ; حَجْلَ ḥijla; ḥajla |
Genitive | حِجْلٍ; حَجْلٍ ḥijlin; ḥajlin |
الْحِجْلِ; الْحَجْلِ al-ḥijli; al-ḥajli |
حِجْلِ; حَجْلِ ḥijli; ḥajli |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | حِجْلَيْن; حَجْلَيْن ḥijlayn; ḥajlayn |
الْحِجْلَيْن; الْحَجْلَيْن al-ḥijlayn; al-ḥajlayn |
حِجْلَيْ; حَجْلَيْ ḥijlay; ḥajlay |
Nominative | حِجْلَانِ; حَجْلَانِ ḥijlāni; ḥajlāni |
الْحِجْلَانِ; الْحَجْلَانِ al-ḥijlāni; al-ḥajlāni |
حِجْلَا; حَجْلَا ḥijlā; ḥajlā |
Accusative | حِجْلَيْنِ; حَجْلَيْنِ ḥijlayni; ḥajlayni |
الْحِجْلَيْنِ; الْحَجْلَيْنِ al-ḥijlayni; al-ḥajlayni |
حِجْلَيْ; حَجْلَيْ ḥijlay; ḥajlay |
Genitive | حِجْلَيْنِ; حَجْلَيْنِ ḥijlayni; ḥajlayni |
الْحِجْلَيْنِ; الْحَجْلَيْنِ al-ḥijlayni; al-ḥajlayni |
حِجْلَيْ; حَجْلَيْ ḥijlay; ḥajlay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | حُجُول; أَحْجَال ḥujūl; ʔaḥjāl |
الْحُجُول; الْأَحْجَال al-ḥujūl; al-ʔaḥjāl |
حُجُول; أَحْجَال ḥujūl; ʔaḥjāl |
Nominative | حُجُولٌ; أَحْجَالٌ ḥujūlun; ʔaḥjālun |
الْحُجُولُ; الْأَحْجَالُ al-ḥujūlu; al-ʔaḥjālu |
حُجُولُ; أَحْجَالُ ḥujūlu; ʔaḥjālu |
Accusative | حُجُولًا; أَحْجَالًا ḥujūlan; ʔaḥjālan |
الْحُجُولَ; الْأَحْجَالَ al-ḥujūla; al-ʔaḥjāla |
حُجُولَ; أَحْجَالَ ḥujūla; ʔaḥjāla |
Genitive | حُجُولٍ; أَحْجَالٍ ḥujūlin; ʔaḥjālin |
الْحُجُولِ; الْأَحْجَالِ al-ḥujūli; al-ʔaḥjāli |
حُجُولِ; أَحْجَالِ ḥujūli; ʔaḥjāli |
Derived terms
- حَجَلَة (ḥajala, “curtained canopy of a mistress”)
Descendants
- →? Mehri: hâǧil (“anklet”)
- →? Shehri: ḥagəl (“anklet”)
- →? Soqotri: ḥágal (“anklet”)
- → Tigre: ሐግል (ḥägl, “anklet”)
References
- “حجل” in Almaany
- “ḥgl”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 317
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “حجل”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 254a
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 56, considering the anklet-word native
- Freytag, Georg (1830) “حجل”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 347b–348b
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “حجل”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, pages 83–84
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “حجل”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 520–521
- Leslau, Wolf (1991) “ሐገለ”, in Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 228
- Leslau, Wolf (1938) Lexique Soqotri (sudarabique moderne) avec comparaisons et explications étymologiques (in French), Wiesbaden: Libraire C. Klincksieck, page 162
- Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2005) “No. 97 *ḥagal”, in Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volume II: Animal Names, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 136–137
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “حجل”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen, page 265
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “حجل”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 186b
- Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “حجل”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 231–232