بشر
Arabic
Etymology 1
Root |
---|
ب ش ر (b-š-r) |
From Proto-West Semitic *baśar- (“flesh, human body”). The original meaning "flesh" was replaced by لَحْم (laḥm).
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | بَشَر bašar |
الْبَشَر al-bašar |
بَشَر bašar |
Nominative | بَشَرٌ bašarun |
الْبَشَرُ al-bašaru |
بَشَرُ bašaru |
Accusative | بَشَرًا bašaran |
الْبَشَرَ al-bašara |
بَشَرَ bašara |
Genitive | بَشَرٍ bašarin |
الْبَشَرِ al-bašari |
بَشَرِ bašari |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | بَشَرَيْن bašarayn |
الْبَشَرَيْن al-bašarayn |
بَشَرَيْ bašaray |
Nominative | بَشَرَانِ bašarāni |
الْبَشَرَانِ al-bašarāni |
بَشَرَا bašarā |
Accusative | بَشَرَيْنِ bašarayni |
الْبَشَرَيْنِ al-bašarayni |
بَشَرَيْ bašaray |
Genitive | بَشَرَيْنِ bašarayni |
الْبَشَرَيْنِ al-bašarayni |
بَشَرَيْ bašaray |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | بَشَر; أَبْشَار bašar; ʔabšār |
الْبَشَر; الْأَبْشَار al-bašar; al-ʔabšār |
بَشَر; أَبْشَار bašar; ʔabšār |
Nominative | بَشَرٌ; أَبْشَارٌ bašarun; ʔabšārun |
الْبَشَرُ; الْأَبْشَارُ al-bašaru; al-ʔabšāru |
بَشَرُ; أَبْشَارُ bašaru; ʔabšāru |
Accusative | بَشَرًا; أَبْشَارًا bašaran; ʔabšāran |
الْبَشَرَ; الْأَبْشَارَ al-bašara; al-ʔabšāra |
بَشَرَ; أَبْشَارَ bašara; ʔabšāra |
Genitive | بَشَرٍ; أَبْشَارٍ bašarin; ʔabšārin |
الْبَشَرِ; الْأَبْشَارِ al-bašari; al-ʔabšāri |
بَشَرِ; أَبْشَارِ bašari; ʔabšāri |
Derived terms
- بَشَرِيّ (bašariyy)
Noun
بَشَر • (bašar) m (collective, singulative بَشَرَة f (bašara), plural أَبْشَار (ʔabšār))
- skin, outer skin, epidermis
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 74:26-30:
- سَأُصْلِيهِ سَقَرَ / وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا سَقَرُ / لَا تُبْقِي وَلَا تَذَرُ / لَوَّاحَةٌ لِلْبَشَرِ / عَلَيْهَا تِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ
- saʔuṣlīhi saqara / wamā ʔadrāka mā saqaru / lā tubqī walā taḏaru / lawwāḥatun lilbašari / ʕalayhā tisʕata ʕašara
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Declension
Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | بَشَر bašar |
الْبَشَر al-bašar |
بَشَر bašar |
Nominative | بَشَرٌ bašarun |
الْبَشَرُ al-bašaru |
بَشَرُ bašaru |
Accusative | بَشَرًا bašaran |
الْبَشَرَ al-bašara |
بَشَرَ bašara |
Genitive | بَشَرٍ bašarin |
الْبَشَرِ al-bašari |
بَشَرِ bašari |
Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | بَشَرَة bašara |
الْبَشَرَة al-bašara |
بَشَرَة bašarat |
Nominative | بَشَرَةٌ bašaratun |
الْبَشَرَةُ al-bašaratu |
بَشَرَةُ bašaratu |
Accusative | بَشَرَةً bašaratan |
الْبَشَرَةَ al-bašarata |
بَشَرَةَ bašarata |
Genitive | بَشَرَةٍ bašaratin |
الْبَشَرَةِ al-bašarati |
بَشَرَةِ bašarati |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | بَشَرَتَيْن bašaratayn |
الْبَشَرَتَيْن al-bašaratayn |
بَشَرَتَيْ bašaratay |
Nominative | بَشَرَتَانِ bašaratāni |
الْبَشَرَتَانِ al-bašaratāni |
بَشَرَتَا bašaratā |
Accusative | بَشَرَتَيْنِ bašaratayni |
الْبَشَرَتَيْنِ al-bašaratayni |
بَشَرَتَيْ bašaratay |
Genitive | بَشَرَتَيْنِ bašaratayni |
الْبَشَرَتَيْنِ al-bašaratayni |
بَشَرَتَيْ bašaratay |
Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | بَشَرَات bašarāt |
الْبَشَرَات al-bašarāt |
بَشَرَات bašarāt |
Nominative | بَشَرَاتٌ bašarātun |
الْبَشَرَاتُ al-bašarātu |
بَشَرَاتُ bašarātu |
Accusative | بَشَرَاتٍ bašarātin |
الْبَشَرَاتِ al-bašarāti |
بَشَرَاتِ bašarāti |
Genitive | بَشَرَاتٍ bašarātin |
الْبَشَرَاتِ al-bašarāti |
بَشَرَاتِ bašarāti |
Plural of variety | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَبْشَار ʔabšār |
الْأَبْشَار al-ʔabšār |
أَبْشَار ʔabšār |
Nominative | أَبْشَارٌ ʔabšārun |
الْأَبْشَارُ al-ʔabšāru |
أَبْشَارُ ʔabšāru |
Accusative | أَبْشَارًا ʔabšāran |
الْأَبْشَارَ al-ʔabšāra |
أَبْشَارَ ʔabšāra |
Genitive | أَبْشَارٍ ʔabšārin |
الْأَبْشَارِ al-ʔabšāri |
أَبْشَارِ ʔabšāri |
Descendants
- → Mehri: bəśərēt
- → Shehri: bəśərɛ́t
Verb
بَشَرَ • (bašara) I, non-past يَبْشُرُ (yabšuru)
Conjugation
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
bašr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
bāšir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَبْشُور mabšūr | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | bašartu |
bašarta |
bašara |
بَشَرْتُمَا bašartumā |
بَشَرَا bašarā |
bašarnā |
bašartum |
bašarū | |||
f | bašarti |
bašarat |
بَشَرَتَا bašaratā |
bašartunna |
bašarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔabšuru |
tabšuru |
yabšuru |
تَبْشُرَانِ tabšurāni |
يَبْشُرَانِ yabšurāni |
nabšuru |
tabšurūna |
yabšurūna | |||
f | tabšurīna |
tabšuru |
تَبْشُرَانِ tabšurāni |
tabšurna |
yabšurna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔabšura |
tabšura |
yabšura |
تَبْشُرَا tabšurā |
يَبْشُرَا yabšurā |
nabšura |
tabšurū |
yabšurū | |||
f | tabšurī |
tabšura |
تَبْشُرَا tabšurā |
tabšurna |
yabšurna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔabšur |
tabšur |
yabšur |
تَبْشُرَا tabšurā |
يَبْشُرَا yabšurā |
nabšur |
tabšurū |
yabšurū | |||
f | tabšurī |
tabšur |
تَبْشُرَا tabšurā |
tabšurna |
yabšurna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | ubšur |
اُبْشُرَا ubšurā |
ubšurū |
||||||||
f | ubšurī |
ubšurna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | buširtu |
buširta |
bušira |
بُشِرْتُمَا buširtumā |
بُشِرَا buširā |
buširnā |
buširtum |
buširū | |||
f | buširti |
buširat |
بُشِرَتَا buširatā |
buširtunna |
buširna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔubšaru |
tubšaru |
yubšaru |
تُبْشَرَانِ tubšarāni |
يُبْشَرَانِ yubšarāni |
nubšaru |
tubšarūna |
yubšarūna | |||
f | tubšarīna |
tubšaru |
تُبْشَرَانِ tubšarāni |
tubšarna |
yubšarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔubšara |
tubšara |
yubšara |
تُبْشَرَا tubšarā |
يُبْشَرَا yubšarā |
nubšara |
tubšarū |
yubšarū | |||
f | tubšarī |
tubšara |
تُبْشَرَا tubšarā |
tubšarna |
yubšarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔubšar |
tubšar |
yubšar |
تُبْشَرَا tubšarā |
يُبْشَرَا yubšarā |
nubšar |
tubšarū |
yubšarū | |||
f | tubšarī |
tubšar |
تُبْشَرَا tubšarā |
tubšarna |
yubšarna |
Declension
Etymology 2
Root |
---|
ب ش ر (b-š-r) |
Related to بَشَر (bašar, “skin”) as rejoicement manifests itself as a complexion of the skin.
Verb
بَشِرَ • (bašira) I, non-past يَبْشَرُ (yabšaru)
بَشَرَ • (bašara) I, non-past يَبْشِرُ (yabširu)
- to rejoice at, to become glad, to congratulate, to rejoice
Conjugation
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
bašar | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
bāšir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَبْشُور mabšūr | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | baširtu |
baširta |
bašira |
بَشِرْتُمَا baširtumā |
بَشِرَا baširā |
baširnā |
baširtum |
baširū | |||
f | baširti |
baširat |
بَشِرَتَا baširatā |
baširtunna |
baširna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔabšaru |
tabšaru |
yabšaru |
تَبْشَرَانِ tabšarāni |
يَبْشَرَانِ yabšarāni |
nabšaru |
tabšarūna |
yabšarūna | |||
f | tabšarīna |
tabšaru |
تَبْشَرَانِ tabšarāni |
tabšarna |
yabšarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔabšara |
tabšara |
yabšara |
تَبْشَرَا tabšarā |
يَبْشَرَا yabšarā |
nabšara |
tabšarū |
yabšarū | |||
f | tabšarī |
tabšara |
تَبْشَرَا tabšarā |
tabšarna |
yabšarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔabšar |
tabšar |
yabšar |
تَبْشَرَا tabšarā |
يَبْشَرَا yabšarā |
nabšar |
tabšarū |
yabšarū | |||
f | tabšarī |
tabšar |
تَبْشَرَا tabšarā |
tabšarna |
yabšarna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | ibšar |
اِبْشَرَا ibšarā |
ibšarū |
||||||||
f | ibšarī |
ibšarna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | — | — | bušira |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | — | — | yubšaru |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | — | — | yubšara |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | — | — | yubšar |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — |
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
bašar | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
bāšir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَبْشُور mabšūr | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | bašartu |
bašarta |
bašara |
بَشَرْتُمَا bašartumā |
بَشَرَا bašarā |
bašarnā |
bašartum |
bašarū | |||
f | bašarti |
bašarat |
بَشَرَتَا bašaratā |
bašartunna |
bašarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔabširu |
tabširu |
yabširu |
تَبْشِرَانِ tabširāni |
يَبْشِرَانِ yabširāni |
nabširu |
tabširūna |
yabširūna | |||
f | tabširīna |
tabširu |
تَبْشِرَانِ tabširāni |
tabširna |
yabširna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔabšira |
tabšira |
yabšira |
تَبْشِرَا tabširā |
يَبْشِرَا yabširā |
nabšira |
tabširū |
yabširū | |||
f | tabširī |
tabšira |
تَبْشِرَا tabširā |
tabširna |
yabširna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔabšir |
tabšir |
yabšir |
تَبْشِرَا tabširā |
يَبْشِرَا yabširā |
nabšir |
tabširū |
yabširū | |||
f | tabširī |
tabšir |
تَبْشِرَا tabširā |
tabširna |
yabširna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | ibšir |
اِبْشِرَا ibširā |
ibširū |
||||||||
f | ibširī |
ibširna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | — | — | bušira |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | — | — | yubšaru |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | — | — | yubšara |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | — | — | yubšar |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — |
Noun
بَشَر • (bašar) m
Declension
Etymology 3
Causative of بَشِرَ (bašira, “to rejoice at”). Religious sense is a literal translation of Ancient Greek εὐαγγελίζω (euangelízō), from εὐαγγέλιον (euangélion, “good news, gospel”). Cognate with Hebrew בִּשֵׂר (bisér, biśśēr, “to bring good news”).
Verb
بَشَّرَ • (baššara) II, non-past يُبَشِّرُ (yubašširu)
- to bring good news (to)
- Antonym: أَنْذَرَ (ʔanḏara)
- (Christianity) to evangelize, to preach the gospel (to)
Conjugation
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
tabšīr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
mubaššir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
mubaššar | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | baššartu |
baššarta |
baššara |
بَشَّرْتُمَا baššartumā |
بَشَّرَا baššarā |
baššarnā |
baššartum |
baššarū | |||
f | baššarti |
baššarat |
بَشَّرَتَا baššaratā |
baššartunna |
baššarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔubašširu |
tubašširu |
yubašširu |
تُبَشِّرَانِ tubašširāni |
يُبَشِّرَانِ yubašširāni |
nubašširu |
tubašširūna |
yubašširūna | |||
f | tubašširīna |
tubašširu |
تُبَشِّرَانِ tubašširāni |
tubašširna |
yubašširna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔubaššira |
tubaššira |
yubaššira |
تُبَشِّرَا tubašširā |
يُبَشِّرَا yubašširā |
nubaššira |
tubašširū |
yubašširū | |||
f | tubašširī |
tubaššira |
تُبَشِّرَا tubašširā |
tubašširna |
yubašširna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔubaššir |
tubaššir |
yubaššir |
تُبَشِّرَا tubašširā |
يُبَشِّرَا yubašširā |
nubaššir |
tubašširū |
yubašširū | |||
f | tubašširī |
tubaššir |
تُبَشِّرَا tubašširā |
tubašširna |
yubašširna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | baššir |
بَشِّرَا bašširā |
bašširū |
||||||||
f | bašširī |
bašširna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | bušširtu |
bušširta |
buššira |
بُشِّرْتُمَا bušširtumā |
بُشِّرَا bušširā |
bušširnā |
bušširtum |
bušširū | |||
f | bušširti |
bušširat |
بُشِّرَتَا bušširatā |
bušširtunna |
bušširna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔubaššaru |
tubaššaru |
yubaššaru |
تُبَشَّرَانِ tubaššarāni |
يُبَشَّرَانِ yubaššarāni |
nubaššaru |
tubaššarūna |
yubaššarūna | |||
f | tubaššarīna |
tubaššaru |
تُبَشَّرَانِ tubaššarāni |
tubaššarna |
yubaššarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔubaššara |
tubaššara |
yubaššara |
تُبَشَّرَا tubaššarā |
يُبَشَّرَا yubaššarā |
nubaššara |
tubaššarū |
yubaššarū | |||
f | tubaššarī |
tubaššara |
تُبَشَّرَا tubaššarā |
tubaššarna |
yubaššarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔubaššar |
tubaššar |
yubaššar |
تُبَشَّرَا tubaššarā |
يُبَشَّرَا yubaššarā |
nubaššar |
tubaššarū |
yubaššarū | |||
f | tubaššarī |
tubaššar |
تُبَشَّرَا tubaššarā |
tubaššarna |
yubaššarna |
Descendants
- > Maltese: baxar (inherited)
Ottoman Turkish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bɛˈʃɛɾ/
Descendants
- Turkish: beşer
Noun
بشر • (beşer)
- man
- mankind
Descendants
- Turkish: beşer
Persian
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ba.ʃaɾ]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [bä.ʃäɾ]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [bä.ʃäɾ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [bä.ʃäɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [bæ.ʃæɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [bä.ʃäɾ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | bašar |
Dari reading? | bašar |
Iranian reading? | bašar |
Tajik reading? | bašar |
Derived terms
- بَشَرْدوسْت (bašar-dust)
- بَشَرْدوسْتی (bašar-dusti)
- حُقوقِ بَشَر (hoquq-e bašar)