باطل

Arabic

Root
ب ط ل (b-ṭ-l)

Etymology

Derived from the active participle of the verb بَطَلَ (baṭala, “to be vain, to be false”).

Pronunciation

Rhymes: -il

Adjective

بَاطِل • (bāṭil) (feminine بَاطِلَة (bāṭila))

false
Antonyms: حَقّ (ḥaqq), صَحِيح (ṣaḥīḥ)

اِتِّهَامٌ بَاطِلٌ ― ittihāmun bāṭilun ― false accusation
vain
useless
invalid, null and void
(islamic jurisprudence, Islam) invalid

Declension

Declension of adjective بَاطِل (bāṭil)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	بَاطِل bāṭil	الْبَاطِل al-bāṭil	بَاطِلَة bāṭila	الْبَاطِلَة al-bāṭila
Nominative	بَاطِلٌ bāṭilun	الْبَاطِلُ al-bāṭilu	بَاطِلَةٌ bāṭilatun	الْبَاطِلَةُ al-bāṭilatu
Accusative	بَاطِلًا bāṭilan	الْبَاطِلَ al-bāṭila	بَاطِلَةً bāṭilatan	الْبَاطِلَةَ al-bāṭilata
Genitive	بَاطِلٍ bāṭilin	الْبَاطِلِ al-bāṭili	بَاطِلَةٍ bāṭilatin	الْبَاطِلَةِ al-bāṭilati
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	بَاطِلَيْن bāṭilayn	الْبَاطِلَيْن al-bāṭilayn	بَاطِلَتَيْن bāṭilatayn	الْبَاطِلَتَيْن al-bāṭilatayn
Nominative	بَاطِلَانِ bāṭilāni	الْبَاطِلَانِ al-bāṭilāni	بَاطِلَتَانِ bāṭilatāni	الْبَاطِلَتَانِ al-bāṭilatāni
Accusative	بَاطِلَيْنِ bāṭilayni	الْبَاطِلَيْنِ al-bāṭilayni	بَاطِلَتَيْنِ bāṭilatayni	الْبَاطِلَتَيْنِ al-bāṭilatayni
Genitive	بَاطِلَيْنِ bāṭilayni	الْبَاطِلَيْنِ al-bāṭilayni	بَاطِلَتَيْنِ bāṭilatayni	الْبَاطِلَتَيْنِ al-bāṭilatayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	basic broken plural triptote		sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	بُطُل buṭul	الْبُطُل al-buṭul	بَاطِلَات bāṭilāt	الْبَاطِلَات al-bāṭilāt
Nominative	بُطُلٌ buṭulun	الْبُطُلُ al-buṭulu	بَاطِلَاتٌ bāṭilātun	الْبَاطِلَاتُ al-bāṭilātu
Accusative	بُطُلًا buṭulan	الْبُطُلَ al-buṭula	بَاطِلَاتٍ bāṭilātin	الْبَاطِلَاتِ al-bāṭilāti
Genitive	بُطُلٍ buṭulin	الْبُطُلِ al-buṭuli	بَاطِلَاتٍ bāṭilātin	الْبَاطِلَاتِ al-bāṭilāti

Noun

بَاطِل • (bāṭil) m (plural أَبَاطِيل (ʔabāṭīl) or بَوَاطِل (bawāṭil) or بُطُل (buṭul))

falsehood
Antonym: حَقّ (ḥaqq)

مَا أُسِّسَ عَلَى بَاطِلٍ فَهُوَ بَاطِلٌ.
mā ʔussisa ʕalā bāṭilin fahuwa bāṭilun.
(please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 17:81:
  جَاءَ الْحَقُّ وَزَهَقَ الْبَاطِلُ إِنَّ الْبَاطِلَ كَانَ زَهُوقًا
  jāʾa l-ḥaqqu wazahaqa l-bāṭilu ʾinna l-bāṭila kāna zahūqan
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
wrong, injustice
Antonym: حَقّ (ḥaqq)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:188:
  وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ بِالْبَاطِلِ وَتُدْلُوا بِهَا إِلَى الْحُكَّامِ لِتَأْكُلُوا فَرِيقًا مِنْ أَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ بِالْإِثْمِ وَأَنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ
  walā taʔkulū ʔamwālakum baynakum bi-l-bāṭili watudlū bihā ʔilā l-ḥukkāmi litaʔkulū farīqan min ʔamwāli n-nāsi bi-l-ʔiṯmi waʔantum taʕlamūna
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension

Declension of noun بَاطِل (bāṭil)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بَاطِل bāṭil	الْبَاطِل al-bāṭil	بَاطِل bāṭil
Nominative	بَاطِلٌ bāṭilun	الْبَاطِلُ al-bāṭilu	بَاطِلُ bāṭilu
Accusative	بَاطِلًا bāṭilan	الْبَاطِلَ al-bāṭila	بَاطِلَ bāṭila
Genitive	بَاطِلٍ bāṭilin	الْبَاطِلِ al-bāṭili	بَاطِلِ bāṭili
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بَاطِلَيْن bāṭilayn	الْبَاطِلَيْن al-bāṭilayn	بَاطِلَيْ bāṭilay
Nominative	بَاطِلَانِ bāṭilāni	الْبَاطِلَانِ al-bāṭilāni	بَاطِلَا bāṭilā
Accusative	بَاطِلَيْنِ bāṭilayni	الْبَاطِلَيْنِ al-bāṭilayni	بَاطِلَيْ bāṭilay
Genitive	بَاطِلَيْنِ bāṭilayni	الْبَاطِلَيْنِ al-bāṭilayni	بَاطِلَيْ bāṭilay
Plural	basic broken plural diptote‎; basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَبَاطِيل‎; بَوَاطِل‎; بُطُل ʔabāṭīl‎; bawāṭil‎; buṭul	الْأَبَاطِيل‎; الْبَوَاطِل‎; الْبُطُل al-ʔabāṭīl‎; al-bawāṭil‎; al-buṭul	أَبَاطِيل‎; بَوَاطِل‎; بُطُل ʔabāṭīl‎; bawāṭil‎; buṭul
Nominative	أَبَاطِيلُ‎; بَوَاطِلُ‎; بُطُلٌ ʔabāṭīlu‎; bawāṭilu‎; buṭulun	الْأَبَاطِيلُ‎; الْبَوَاطِلُ‎; الْبُطُلُ al-ʔabāṭīlu‎; al-bawāṭilu‎; al-buṭulu	أَبَاطِيلُ‎; بَوَاطِلُ‎; بُطُلُ ʔabāṭīlu‎; bawāṭilu‎; buṭulu
Accusative	أَبَاطِيلَ‎; بَوَاطِلَ‎; بُطُلًا ʔabāṭīla‎; bawāṭila‎; buṭulan	الْأَبَاطِيلَ‎; الْبَوَاطِلَ‎; الْبُطُلَ al-ʔabāṭīla‎; al-bawāṭila‎; al-buṭula	أَبَاطِيلَ‎; بَوَاطِلَ‎; بُطُلَ ʔabāṭīla‎; bawāṭila‎; buṭula
Genitive	أَبَاطِيلَ‎; بَوَاطِلَ‎; بُطُلٍ ʔabāṭīla‎; bawāṭila‎; buṭulin	الْأَبَاطِيلِ‎; الْبَوَاطِلِ‎; الْبُطُلِ al-ʔabāṭīli‎; al-bawāṭili‎; al-buṭuli	أَبَاطِيلِ‎; بَوَاطِلِ‎; بُطُلِ ʔabāṭīli‎; bawāṭili‎; buṭuli

Derived terms

لِلْبَاطِلِ جَوْلَةٌ ثُمَّ يَضْمَحِلُّ (lilbāṭili jawlatun ṯumma yaḍmaḥillu, proverb)
كَلِمَةُ حَقٍّ يُرَادُ بِهَا بَاطِلٌ (kalimatu ḥaqqin yurādu bihā bāṭilun)

Descendants

→ Indonesian: batil
→ Persian: باطل (bâtil)
→ Ottoman Turkish: باطل (batıl)
- Turkish: batıl
- Crimean Tatar: batıl

References

Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “باطل”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic بَاطِل (bāṭil)

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [bɑː.til]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [bɑː.t̪ʰɪl]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [bɑː.t̪ʰɪl]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [bɔː.t̪ʰil̥]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [bɒː.t̪ʰel̥]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [bɔ.t̪ʰil]

Readings
Classical reading^?	bātil
Dari reading^?	bātil
Iranian reading^?	bâtel
Tajik reading^?	botil

Adjective


Iranian Persian	باطل
Dari	باطل
Tajik	ботил

باطل • (bâtil)

null, void, cancelled
vain, false, untrue, illusive
Synonym: عاطل ('âtil)
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 2624:
  گر بیان معنوی کافی شدی
  خلق عالم عاطل و باطل بدی
  gar bayân-i-ma'nawi kâfî šudî
  xalq-i-'alâm 'âtil u bâtil budî
  If the spiritual explanation were sufficient, the creation of the world would have been idle and vain.

References

Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “باطل”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

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