שנה
Hebrew
Pronunciation
- (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA(key): /ʃaˈna/
- (Tiberian Hebrew) IPA(key): [ʃɔːˈnɔː]
Noun
שָׁנָה • (shaná) f (dual indefinite שנתיים / שְׁנָתַיִם, plural indefinite שָׁנִים, singular construct שְׁנַת־, plural construct שְׁנוֹת־ or שְׁנֵי־) [pattern: קָטָל]
- A year: the time period representing one revolution of the Earth around the Sun.
- אורכה של שנה הוא כשתים עשרה חודשים. ― orkáh shel shaná hu kishtém 'esré khodashím. ― The length of a year is twelve months.
- Tanach, Genesis 14:4, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:
- שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה עָבְדוּ אֶת־כְּדָרְלָעֹמֶר וּשְׁלֹשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה מָרָֽדוּ׃
- Twelve years they served Chedorlaomer, and in the thirteenth year they rebelled.
- (astronomy) A year: the corresponding time period for a different planet.
Declension
Declension of שָׁנָה
| Number | Isolated forms | With possessive pronouns | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Form | Person | singular | plural | |||
| m. | f. | m. | f. | ||||
| singular | indefinite | שָׁנָה | first | שְׁנָתִי | שְׁנָתֵנוּ | ||
| definite | הַשָּׁנָה | second | שְׁנָתְךָ | שְׁנָתֵךְ | שְׁנַתְכֶם | שְׁנַתְכֶן | |
| construct | שְׁנַת־ | third | שְׁנָתוֹ | שְׁנָתָהּ | שְׁנָתָם | שְׁנָתָן | |
| plural | indefinite | שָׁנִים | first | שנותיי / שְׁנוֹתַי | שְׁנוֹתֵינוּ | ||
| definite | הַשָּׁנִים | second | שְׁנוֹתֶיךָ | שנותייך / שְׁנוֹתַיִךְ | שְׁנוֹתֵיכֶם | שְׁנוֹתֵיכֶן | |
| construct | שְׁנוֹת־ | third | שְׁנוֹתָיו | שְׁנוֹתֶיהָ | שְׁנוֹתָם | שְׁנוֹתָן | |
Derived terms
- לוּחַ שָׁנָה (lúakh shaná)
- רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה (rōš hašānā́)
- שָׁנָה טוֹבָה (shaná tová)
- שְׁנַת אוֹר (sh'nát or)
- שְׁנַת חַמָּה (sh'nát khamá)
- שְׁנַת כְּסָפִים (sh'nát k'safím)
- שְׁנַת שְׁמִיטָה / שְׁנַת שְׁמִטָּה (sh'nát shmitá)
- שנת לימודים / שְׁנַת לִמּוּדִים (sh'nát limudím)
- שְׁנַת שַׁבָּתוֹן (sh'nát shabatón)
- שְׁנַת תָרָפָּפּוּ (sh'nát tarapapú)
- שְׁנָתִי (sh'natí)
See also
- אֶשְׁתָּקַד (eshtakád, “last year”)
References
Etymology 2
| Root |
|---|
| שׁ־נ־ה (š-n-h) |
From the root שׁ־נ־ה (sh-n-h) related to Assyrian Neo-Aramaic ܬ ܢ ܐ (t n ˀ) and Arabic ث ن ي (ṯ n y) from Aramaic תְּנָא (tənā); cognate to Arabic ثَنَى (ṯanā) and Assyrian Neo-Aramaic ܬܢܐ (tnā).[1]
Verb
שָׁנָה • (shaná) third-singular masculine past (pa'al construction)
- To repeat: to do something an additional time.
Conjugation
Conjugation of שָׁנָה (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs)
| non-finite forms |
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| finite forms | singular | plural | |||
| m. | f. | m. | f. | ||
| past | first | שָׁנִיתִי | שָׁנִינוּ | ||
| second | שָׁנִיתָ | שָׁנִית | שְׁנִיתֶם1 | שְׁנִיתֶן1 | |
| third | שָׁנָה | שָׁנְתָה | שָׁנוּ | ||
| present | שׁוֹנֶה | שׁוֹנָה | שׁוֹנִים | שׁוֹנוֹת | |
| future | first | אֶשְׁנֶה | נִשְׁנֶה | ||
| second | תִּשְׁנֶה | תִּשְׁנִי | תִּשְׁנוּ | תִּשְׁנֶינָה2 | |
| third | יִשְׁנֶה | תִּשְׁנֶה | יִשְׁנוּ | תִּשְׁנֶינָה2 | |
| imperative | שְׁנֵה | שְׁנִי | שְׁנוּ | שְׁנֶינָה2 | |
| notes |
| ||||
Derived terms
- מִשְׁנָה (mishná)
Verb
שִׁנָּה • (shiná) third-singular masculine past (pi'el construction)
- defective spelling of שינה
Verb
שֻׁנָּה • (shuna) third-singular masculine past (pu'al construction)
- defective spelling of שונה
References
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