топъл

Bulgarian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *toplъ (in South Slavic), cognate with Old Church Slavonic топлъ (toplŭ), Macedonian топол (topol), Serbo-Croatian tȍpao. In other Slavic branches, the lemma is encountered with e-grade vocalism: e.g. Russian тёплый (tjóplyj), Polish ciepły.

Formally comparable with Bulgarian топо́ла (topóla, “poplar”) and Bulgarian те́пам (tépam, “to beat, to bash”), but the genetic relation between them is questionable.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈtɔpɐɫ]

Adjective

то́пъл • (tópǎl) (adverb то́пло, abstract noun топлота́ or топлина́)

  1. warm (having a temperature slightly higher than usual, but still pleasant)
  2. warm (being something that causes warmth)
  3. warm (having a color in the red-orange-yellow part of the visible electromagnetic spectrum)
    то́пли цветове́ ― tópli cvetové ― warm colors, hues
  4. (of the weather) mild
  5. affectionate, cordial, hearty, warm, genial, kindly

Declension
Positive forms of то́пъл
masculine feminine neuter plural
indefinite то́пъл
tópǎl		 то́пла
tópla		 то́пло
tóplo		 то́пли
tópli
definite
(subject form)		 то́плият
tóplijat		 то́плата
tóplata		 то́плото
tóploto		 то́плите
tóplite
definite
(object form)		 то́плия
tóplija
Comparative forms of то́пъл
masculine feminine neuter plural
indefinite по́-то́пъл
pó-tópǎl		 по́-то́пла
pó-tópla		 по́-то́пло
pó-tóplo		 по́-то́пли
pó-tópli
definite
(subject form)		 по́-то́плият
pó-tóplijat		 по́-то́плата
pó-tóplata		 по́-то́плото
pó-tóploto		 по́-то́плите
pó-tóplite
definite
(object form)		 по́-то́плия
pó-tóplija
Superlative forms of то́пъл
masculine feminine neuter plural
indefinite на́й-то́пъл
náj-tópǎl		 на́й-то́пла
náj-tópla		 на́й-то́пло
náj-tóplo		 на́й-то́пли
náj-tópli
definite
(subject form)		 на́й-то́плият
náj-tóplijat		 на́й-то́плата
náj-tóplata		 на́й-то́плото
náj-tóploto		 на́й-то́плите
náj-tóplite
definite
(object form)		 на́й-то́плия
náj-tóplija

Derived terms
  • то́пля impf (tóplja), то́плям pf (tópljam, “to warm”)
  • топли́к (toplík, “warmth”)
  • топли́во (toplívo, “fuel”)
  • топли́нен (toplínen), топли́вен (toplíven, “thermal”)

References
  • “топъл”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
  • “топъл”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
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