сꙑнъ

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɯnʊ/
• Syllabification: сꙑ‧нъ

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *synъ (“son”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

Sense 1.1, sense 1.2, sense 1.3, sense 1, sense 2, sense 3 are semantic loan from Ancient Greek υἱός (huiós).

сꙑнъ • (synŭ) m

1. son

   Synonym: чѧдо (čędo)

   • 11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Matthew 20:20:

     Тъгда пристѫпи къ немоу мати сн҃овоу зеведеовоу · съ сн҃ьма своима кланѣѭш̑ти сѧ · ꙇ просѧшти нѣчесо отъ него ·

     Tŭgda pristǫpi kŭ nemu mati sn:ovu zevedeovu · sŭ sn:ĭma svoima klanějǫš̑ti sę · i prosęšti něčeso otŭ nego ·

     Then the mother of Zebedee’s sons came to Jesus with her sons and, kneeling down, asked a favor of him.

   • 11th century, Retko, Codex Suprasliensis (in Old Cyrillic), page 96, line 12:

     нъ иди рече ѡ҄ сн҃оу на добръи пѫть

     nŭ idi reče oʹ sn:u na dobry pǫtĭ

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   1. (figurative) about adopted and spiritual sons
      • 11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of John 19:26:

        ꙇс҃ же видѣвъ матерь · ꙇ оученика стоѩшта егоже люблѣаше · гл҃а матери своеи · жено се сн҃ъ твои ·

        is: že viděvŭ materĭ · i učenika stojęšta egože ljublěaše · gl:a materi svoei · ženo se sn:ŭ tvoi ·

        When Jesus saw his mother there, and the disciple whom he loved standing nearby, he said to her, “Woman,[a] here is your son,”

   2. (religion, figurative) about the angels
      • 11th century, Psalterium Sinaiticum (in Glagolitic), Book of Psalms 88:7:

        къто […] подобітъ сѩ г‹оспод›ю въ сн҃хъ бж҃іхъ

        kŭto […] podobitŭ sję g‹ospod›ju vŭ sn:xŭ bž:ixŭ

        Who is like the Lord among the heavenly beings

   3. (Christianity, figurative) about the chosen ones of God
      • 11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Luke 6:35:

        обаче любите врагы вашѧ и благотворите · ꙇ въ заимъ даите ничесожене чаѭще · и бѫдетъ мъзда ваша мънога · ꙇ бѫдете сн҃ове вышънѣего ·ѣко тъ благъ естъ на невъзблагодатъныѩ и зълыѩ ·

        obače ljubite vragy vašę i blagotvorite · i vŭ zaimŭ daite ničesožene čajǫšte · i bǫdetŭ mŭzda vaša mŭnoga · i bǫdete sn:ove vyšŭněego ·ěko tŭ blagŭ estŭ na nevŭzblagodatŭnyję i zŭlyję ·

        But love your enemies, do good to them, and lend to them without expecting to get anything back. Then your reward will be great, and you will be children of the Most High, because he is kind to the ungrateful and wicked.

2. descendant, offspring

   Synonyms: сѣмѧ (sěmę), ищѧдиѥ (ištędije), племѧ (plemę), чѧдо (čędo)

   • 11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Matthew 23:31:

     тѣмъ же сами съвѣдѣтельствоуете себѣ ·ѣко сн҃ове есте избивъшихъ пр҃кы ·

     těmŭ že sami sŭvědětelĭstvuete sebě ·ěko sn:ove este izbivŭšixŭ pr:ky ·

     So you testify against yourselves that you are the descendants of those who murdered the prophets.

   сꙑнъ давꙑдовъ ― synŭ davydovŭ ― Son of David

   сꙑнъ чловѣчь ― synŭ člověčĭ ― Son of Man

   сꙑнъ чловѣчьскъ ― synŭ člověčĭskŭ ― Son of Man

3. baby animal
   • 11th century, Retko, Codex Suprasliensis (in Old Cyrillic), page 324, line 23:

     аште да ѥсте сꙑнове сиѡни· ликоуите съ чꙙдꙑ своими·

     ašte da jeste synove sioni· likuite sŭ čędy svoimi·

     Therefore, if you are children of Zion, rejoice with your children

   • 11th century, Psalterium Sinaiticum (in Glagolitic), Book of Psalms 28:6:

     вьзлюбленъ ѣко сн҃ъ норожъ

     vĭzljublenŭ ěko sn:ŭ norožŭ

     as the beloved son of unicorns

   • 11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Matthew 21:5:

     ръцѣте дъщери сионовѣ · се цс҃ръ твои грѧдетъ тебѣ ·кротокъ и вьсѣдъ на осьлѧ · ꙇ жрѣбѧ сн҃а ѣрьмьнича ·

     rŭcěte dŭšteri sionově · se cs:rŭ tvoi grędetŭ tebě ·krotokŭ i vĭsědŭ na osĭlę · i žrěbę sn:a ěrĭmĭniča ·

     “Say to Daughter Zion, ‘See, your king comes to you, gentle and riding on a donkey, and on a colt, the foal of a donkey.’”

сꙑнъ • (synŭ) m

1. (Christianity theology) Son (title of Jesus)

   Coordinate terms: отьць (otĭcĭ), доухъ свѧтъ (duxŭ svętŭ), троица (troica)

   сꙑнъ божии ― synŭ božii ― Son of God

   сꙑнъ вꙑшьнꙗѥго ― synŭ vyšĭnjajego ― Son of the Most High

   сꙑнъ благословлѥнаѥго ― synŭ blagoslovljenajego ― Son of the Blessed

   • 11th century, Codex Marianus (in Glagolitic), Gospel of Matthew 28:19:

     Шьдъше оубо наоучите вьсѧ ѩз҃кы · крьстѧште ѩ въ імѧ от҃цаи сн҃а и с҃тааго дх҃а ·

     Šĭdŭše ubo naučite vĭsę jęz:ky · krĭstęšte ję vŭ imę ot:cai sn:a i s:taago dx:a ·

     Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit...

• ⱄⱏⰺⱀⱏ (synŭ) — Glagolitic
• сн҃ъ (sn:ŭ) — abbreviation

• Bulgarian: син (sin)
• →? Romanian: sin

Uncertain. Probably borrowed from Bulgar, compare Tatar sın (“figure, body; pose; image; statue; idol”), Uzbek sin (“posture, poise”), Turkish sin (“grave”), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *sï(y)n.

It was also compared to Ancient Greek μόσσυν (móssun) of unknown etymology.

сꙑнъ • (synŭ) m

1. (architecture) tower

   Synonyms: стлъпъ (stlŭpŭ), трѣмъ (trěmŭ)

   • 11th century, Retko, Codex Suprasliensis (in Old Cyrillic), page 94, line 21:

     ꙗкоже се сꙑнове чꙙсти · възбран҄ѣѭште нашествиꙗ ратънꙑихъ

     jakože se synove čęsti · vŭzbranʹějǫšte našestvija ratŭnyixŭ

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 11th century, Retko, Codex Suprasliensis (in Old Cyrillic), page 553, line 27:

     иде въ малꙑи сꙑнъ · иже бѣ тъгда въ манастꙑри · на прибѣганьѥ съзъданъ

     ide vŭ malyi synŭ · iže bě tŭgda vŭ manastyri · na priběganĭje sŭzŭdanŭ

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

• “сꙑнъ1”, in GORAZD (overall work in Czech, English, and Russian), http://gorazd.org, 2016—2024
• “сꙑнъ2”, in GORAZD (overall work in Czech, English, and Russian), http://gorazd.org, 2016—2024
• Janyšková, Ilona, editor (2010), “synъ₁”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského [Etymological Dictionary of the Old Church Slavonic Language] (in Czech), numbers 15 (srъdьce – sь), Brno: Tribun EU, →ISBN, page 915
• Janyšková, Ilona, editor (2010), “synъ₂”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského [Etymological Dictionary of the Old Church Slavonic Language] (in Czech), numbers 15 (srъdьce – sь), Brno: Tribun EU, →ISBN, page 916
• Václav Machek (1948) “Graeco-slavica”, in Listy filologické‎, volume 72, pages 75–76

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

• (ca. 9^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈsɯnʊ/
• (ca. 11^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈsɯnʊ/
• (ca. 13^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈsɯn/
• Hyphenation: сꙑ‧нъ

сꙑнъ (synŭ) m (diminutive сꙑнъкъ)

1. son
2. male descendant

• Old Ruthenian: сынъ (syn)
  • Belarusian: сын (syn)
  • Carpathian Rusyn: сын (sŷn)
  • Ukrainian: син (syn)
• Russian: сын (syn)

Learned borrowing from Old Church Slavonic сꙑнъ (synŭ, “tower”) or borrowing from the same source.

• (ca. 9^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈsɯnʊ/
• (ca. 11^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈsɯnʊ/
• (ca. 13^th CE) IPA^(key): /ˈsɯn/
• Hyphenation: сꙑ‧нъ

сꙑнъ (synŭ) m

1. tower

• Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912) “сꙑнъ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volumes 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 872
• Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912) “сꙑнъ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volumes 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 874

• синъ (sinŭ)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

сꙑнъ (synŭ) m

1. son
   • c. 1360‒1380, Берестяная грамота № 366 [Birchbark letter no. 366]‎, Novgorod:

     а на то рѧдьцѣ и послусѣ давꙑдъ лукѣнъ сꙑнъ сьтьпанъ таишѣнъ

     a na to rędĭcě i poslusě davydŭ lukěnŭ synŭ sĭtĭpanŭ taišěnŭ

     And for that, the witnesses are David, Lukin's son, and Stepan Taishin.

2. (Christianity theology) God the Son
   • c. 1380‒1400, Берестяная грамота № 42 [Birchbark letter no. 42]‎, Novgorod:

     въ имѧ · ѻц҃а · и сꙑна и свѧ[т]-[го д](х҃)а

     vŭ imę · oc:a · i syna i svę[t]-[go d](x:)a

     In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.