жда
Bulgarian
Etymology
Convergence of ща да (šta da, “to will, to seek to”) (< Old Church Slavonic хътѣти (xŭtěti)< Proto-Slavic *xъtěti) and dialectal жъда́ (žǎdá, “to await”) (< Old Church Slavonic жьдати (žĭdati)< Proto-Slavic *žьdati).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ʒdɤ]
Audio (file)
Particle
жда • (žda)
- (nonstandard, dialectal) used to form (periphrastic) future and future perfect tense
References
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “жда²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 527
- Nayden Gerov (1897) “жда”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 13
Verb
жда • (žda) first-singular present indicative, impf
- (dialectal, transitive) Alternative form of жъда́ (žǎdá): to expect, to look forward to
Conjugation
Conjugation of жда (conjugation 1.2, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | ждящ ždjašt |
ждал ždal |
ждял ždjal |
ждан ždan |
жде́йки ždéjki | |
| definite subject form | ждя́щият ždjáštijat |
жда́лият ždálijat |
— | жда́ният ždánijat | |||
| definite object form | ждя́щия ždjáštija |
жда́лия ždálija |
— | жда́ния ždánija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | ждя́ща ždjášta |
жда́ла ždála |
ждя́ла ždjála |
жда́на ždána | ||
| definite | ждя́щата ždjáštata |
жда́лата ždálata |
— | жда́ната ždánata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | ждя́що ždjášto |
жда́ло ždálo |
ждя́ло ždjálo |
жда́но ždáno |
жде́не ždéne | |
| definite | ждя́щото ždjáštoto |
жда́лото ždáloto |
— | жда́ното ždánoto |
жде́нето ždéneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | ждя́щи ždjášti |
жда́ли ždáli |
жде́ли ždéli |
жда́ни ždáni |
жде́ния, жде́нета ždénija, ždéneta | |
| definite | ждя́щите ždjáštite |
жда́лите ždálite |
— | жда́ните ždánite |
жде́нията, жде́нетата ždénijata, ždénetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | жда žda |
ждеш ždeš |
жде žde |
ждем ždem |
жде́те ždéte |
ждат ždat | |
| imperfect | ждях ždjah |
жде́ше ždéše |
жде́ше ždéše |
ждя́хме ždjáhme |
ждя́хте ždjáhte |
ждя́ха ždjáha | |
| aorist | ждах ždah |
жда žda |
жда žda |
жда́хме ždáhme |
жда́хте ždáhte |
жда́ха ždáha | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ждал m, жда́ла f, жда́ло n, or жда́ли pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ждал m, жда́ла f, жда́ло n, or жда́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and ждал m, жда́ла f, жда́ло n, or жда́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ждал m, жда́ла f, жда́ло n, or жда́ли pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ждял m, ждя́ла f, ждя́ло n, or жде́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ждал m, жда́ла f, жда́ло n, or жда́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ждал m, жда́ла f, жда́ло n, or жда́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ждал m, жда́ла f, жда́ло n, or жда́ли pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ждял m, ждя́ла f, ждя́ло n, or жде́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ждал m, жда́ла f, жда́ло n, or жда́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ждал m, жда́ла f, жда́ло n, or жда́ли pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ждял m, ждя́ла f, ждя́ло n, or жде́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ждал m, жда́ла f, жда́ло n, or жда́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ждал m, жда́ла f, жда́ло n, or жда́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ждал m, жда́ла f, жда́ло n, or жда́ли pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ждал m, жда́ла f, жда́ло n, or жда́ли pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| жди ždi |
жде́те ždéte |
||||||
Related terms
- жъ́дя (žǎ́dja), жъде́я (žǎdéja, “to await, to anticipate”) (dated)
References
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “жда¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 527
- жьдати in Исторически речник на Българския език, Sofia University "St. Clement Ohridsky"
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