ворогъ

Old East Slavic
FWOTD – 20 June 2014

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *vȏrgъ (“enemy, foe”). Doublet of врагъ (vragŭ).

Pronunciation
  • (ca. 9th CE) IPA(key): /ˈʋɔrɔɡʊ/
  • (ca. 11th CE) IPA(key): /ˈʋɔrɔɡʊ/
  • (ca. 13th CE) IPA(key): /ˈʋɔrɔːɡ/
  • Hyphenation: во‧ро‧гъ

Noun

ворогъ (vorogŭ) m

  1. enemy, foe
    • Иоанъ, editor (1076), “ровога”, in Изборник 1076 года [Izbornik of 1076]‎, page 477 (239), line -5
      Гл҃аше старьць· ѥсть ѿ ровога простьрто пощениѥ· ибо оученици сего се творѧть· како оубо разоумѣѥмъ бж҃иѥ црсьско пощениѥ· […]
      Gl:aše starĭcĭ· jestĭ otŭ rovoga prostĭrto poščenije· ibo učenici sego se tvorętĭ· kako ubo razumějemŭ bž:ije crsĭsko poščenije· […]
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • Лаврентеи, editor (1377), “ворогъ”, in Повѣсти времѧньнꙑх лѣ т [Laurentian Codex]‎, 11th century, page (leaf) 76, line 5, s.a. 6603 (1095):
      […] се тꙑ не шелъ ѥси с нама на поганꙑꙗ . иже погубили суть землю Русьскую . а се у тобе есть Итларевичь . любо убии любо и даи нама . то есть ворогъ Русьстѣи земли.
      […] se ty ne šelŭ jesi s nama na poganyja . iže pogubili sutĭ zemlju Rusĭskuju . a se u tobe estĭ Itlarevičĭ . ljubo ubii ljubo i dai nama . to estĭ vorogŭ Rusĭstěi zemli.
      […] you did not fight with us against the pagans that destroyed the land of the Rus, while you keep the son of Itlar - either kill him or give him to us, for he is the enemy of Rus.

Declension
Declension of ворогъ (hard o-stem)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ворогъ
vorogŭ		 ворога
voroga		 ворози
vorozi
Genitive ворога
voroga		 ворогу
vorogu		 ворогъ
vorogŭ
Dative ворогу
vorogu		 ворогома
vorogoma		 ворогомъ
vorogomŭ
Accusative ворогъ
vorogŭ		 ворога
voroga		 ворогꙑ
vorogy
Instrumental ворогъмь
vorogŭmĭ		 ворогома
vorogoma		 ворогꙑ
vorogy
Locative ворозѣ
vorozě		 ворогу
vorogu		 ворозѣхъ
vorozěxŭ
Vocative вороже
vorože		 ворога
voroga		 ворози
vorozi

Derived terms
  • ворожьбитъ (vorožĭbitŭ, “enemy”)
  • ворожьда (vorožĭda, “enmity”)
  • ворожьство (vorožĭstvo, “hostility”)
  • ворожа (voroža, “enchantment”)
  • ворожениѥ (voroženije, “augury, enchanting”)
  • ворожеꙗ (vorožeja, “enchantress”)
  • ворожити (vorožiti, “to augur, enchant”)

Descendants
  • Old Ruthenian: во́рогъ (vóroh)
  • Russian: во́рог (vórog) (poetic)

References
  • Barkhudarov, S. G., editor (1976), “ворогъ”, in Словарь русского языка XI–XVII вв. [Dictionary of the Russian Language: 11ᵗʰ–17ᵗʰ cc.]‎ (in Russian), numbers 3 (володѣнье – вящьшина), Moscow: Nauka, page 32
  • Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893) “ворогъ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volumes 1 (А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 302

Russian

Noun

во́рогъ • (vórog) m anim (genitive во́рога, nominative plural во́роги, genitive plural во́роговъ)

  1. Pre-1918 spelling of во́рог (vórog).

Declension
Pre-reform declension of во́рогъ (anim masc-form velar-stem accent-a) 
singular plural
nominative во́рогъ
vórog		 во́роги
vórogi
genitive во́рога
vóroga		 во́роговъ
vórogov
dative во́рогу
vórogu		 во́рогамъ
vórogam
accusative во́рога
vóroga		 во́роговъ
vórogov
instrumental во́рогомъ
vórogom		 во́рогами
vórogami
prepositional во́рогѣ
vórogě		 во́рогахъ
vórogax
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.