бая
Bulgarian
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bajati.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈbajɐ]
Verb
ба́я • (bája) first-singular present indicative, impf
- (intransitive) to charm, to enchant, to mutter incantations
- Synonyms: чароде́йствам (čarodéjstvam), врачу́вам (vračúvam)
Conjugation
Conjugation of ба́я (conjugation 1.6, imperfective, intransitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | ба́ещ báešt |
ба́ял, бая́л1 bájal, bajál1 |
ба́ел báel |
— | ба́ейки báejki | |
| definite subject form | ба́ещият báeštijat |
ба́ялият, бая́лият1 bájalijat, bajálijat1 |
— | — | |||
| definite object form | ба́ещия báeštija |
ба́ялия, бая́лия1 bájalija, bajálija1 |
— | — | |||
| feminine | indefinite | ба́еща báešta |
ба́яла, бая́ла1 bájala, bajála1 |
ба́ела báela |
— | ||
| definite | ба́ещата báeštata |
ба́ялата, бая́лата1 bájalata, bajálata1 |
— | — | |||
| neuter | indefinite | ба́ещо báešto |
ба́яло, бая́ло1 bájalo, bajálo1 |
ба́ело báelo |
— | ба́яне, ба́ене bájane, báene | |
| definite | ба́ещото báeštoto |
ба́ялото, бая́лото1 bájaloto, bajáloto1 |
— | — | ба́янето, ба́енето bájaneto, báeneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | ба́ещи báešti |
ба́яли, бая́ли1 bájali, bajáli1 |
ба́ели báeli |
— | ба́яния, ба́ения, ба́янета, ба́енета bájanija, báenija, bájaneta, báeneta | |
| definite | ба́ещите báeštite |
ба́ялите, бая́лите1 bájalite, bajálite1 |
— | — | ба́янията, ба́енията, ба́янетата, ба́енетата bájanijata, báenijata, bájanetata, báenetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | ба́я bája |
ба́еш báeš |
ба́е báe |
ба́ем báem |
ба́ете báete |
ба́ят bájat | |
| imperfect | ба́ех báeh |
ба́еше báeše |
ба́еше báeše |
ба́ехме báehme |
ба́ехте báehte |
ба́еха báeha | |
| aorist | ба́ях, бая́х1 bájah, bajáh1 |
ба́я, бая́1 bája, bajá1 |
ба́я, бая́1 bája, bajá1 |
ба́яхме, бая́хме1 bájahme, bajáhme1 |
ба́яхте, бая́хте1 bájahte, bajáhte1 |
ба́яха, бая́ха1 bájaha, bajáha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ба́ял/бая́л1 m, ба́яла/бая́ла1 f, ба́яло/бая́ло1 n, or ба́яли/бая́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ба́ял/бая́л1 m, ба́яла/бая́ла1 f, ба́яло/бая́ло1 n, or ба́яли/бая́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and ба́ял/бая́л1 m, ба́яла/бая́ла1 f, ба́яло/бая́ло1 n, or ба́яли/бая́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ба́ял/бая́л1 m, ба́яла/бая́ла1 f, ба́яло/бая́ло1 n, or ба́яли/бая́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ба́ел m, ба́ела f, ба́ело n, or ба́ели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ба́ял/бая́л1 m, ба́яла/бая́ла1 f, ба́яло/бая́ло1 n, or ба́яли/бая́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ба́ял/бая́л1 m, ба́яла/бая́ла1 f, ба́яло/бая́ло1 n, or ба́яли/бая́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ба́ял/бая́л1 m, ба́яла/бая́ла1 f, ба́яло/бая́ло1 n, or ба́яли/бая́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ба́ел m, ба́ела f, ба́ело n, or ба́ели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ба́ял/бая́л1 m, ба́яла/бая́ла1 f, ба́яло/бая́ло1 n, or ба́яли/бая́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ба́ял/бая́л1 m, ба́яла/бая́ла1 f, ба́яло/бая́ло1 n, or ба́яли/бая́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ба́ел m, ба́ела f, ба́ело n, or ба́ели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ба́ял/бая́л1 m, ба́яла/бая́ла1 f, ба́яло/бая́ло1 n, or ба́яли/бая́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ба́ял/бая́л1 m, ба́яла/бая́ла1 f, ба́яло/бая́ло1 n, or ба́яли/бая́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ба́ял/бая́л1 m, ба́яла/бая́ла1 f, ба́яло/бая́ло1 n, or ба́яли/бая́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ба́ял/бая́л1 m, ба́яла/бая́ла1 f, ба́яло/бая́ло1 n, or ба́яли/бая́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| бай baj |
ба́йте bájte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Alternative forms
- ба́ям (bájam) — with generalized ja-conjugation
Derived terms
- ба́юкам (bájukam), ба́йвам (bájvam) (semelfactive)
- забая pf (zabaja), забайвам impf (zabajvam)
- избая pf (izbaja), избайвам impf (izbajvam)
- набая се pf (nabaja se), набайвам се impf (nabajvam se)
- обая pf (obaja), обайвам impf (obajvam)
- побая pf (pobaja), побайвам impf (pobajvam)
- отбая pf (otbaja), отбайвам impf (otbajvam, “to cast a charm”) (dialectal)
- бая́ч m (bajáč), бая́чка m (bajáčka) (agent nouns, standard)
- баха́р m (bahár), баха́рка f (bahárka) (agent nouns, dialectal/obsolete)
- бая́ние (bajánie), ба́йка (bájka, “enchanting”) (action nouns)
- баи́ло (baílo), баи́лка (baílka, “spell, incantation”) (instrumental nouns)
- ба́сня (básnja, “fable”)
- ба́ян (bájan, “bewitching, enchanting”) (past passive participle, dialectal)
Related terms
- ба́лия (bálija, “witchdoctor, enchanter”) (archaic)
References
- “бая (гл.)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- Nayden Gerov (1895) “ба́ѭ, -ешь; ба́ꙗмь”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 30
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “бая”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 38
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بیاغی (bayağı, “common, coarse”). Also loaned into Serbo-Croatian бајаги.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [bɐˈja̟]
Audio (file)
References
- “бая (нарч.)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “бая”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
Kyrgyz
Etymology
Compare to Southern Altai байа (baya, “recently”).
Russian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈbajə]
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