χναύω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
This verb agrees in its vocalism with ψαύω (psaúō, “to touch lightly”), θραύω (thraúō, “to break”) and χραύω (khraúō, “to scrape, graze, wound lightly”), while the gloss χνίει (khníei, “drips, breaks into pieces”) reminds of ψίω (psíō, “to feed on pap”) and χρίω (khríō, “to touch, graze”). The original etymology is unclear, but compare χνόη (khnóē, “axle-box”) and χνόος (khnóos, “incrustation from salt water; powder”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kʰnǎu̯.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈkʰna.wo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈxna.βo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈxna.vo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈxna.vo/
Inflection
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | χναύω | χναύεις | χναύει | χναύετον | χναύετον | χναύομεν | χναύετε | χναύουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | χναύω | χναύῃς | χναύῃ | χναύητον | χναύητον | χναύωμεν | χναύητε | χναύωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | χναύοιμῐ | χναύοις | χναύοι | χναύοιτον | χναυοίτην | χναύοιμεν | χναύοιτε | χναύοιεν | |||||
imperative | χναῦε | χναυέτω | χναύετον | χναυέτων | χναύετε | χναυόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | χναύομαι | χναύῃ, χναύει |
χναύεται | χναύεσθον | χναύεσθον | χναυόμεθᾰ | χναύεσθε | χναύονται | ||||
subjunctive | χναύωμαι | χναύῃ | χναύηται | χναύησθον | χναύησθον | χναυώμεθᾰ | χναύησθε | χναύωνται | |||||
optative | χναυοίμην | χναύοιο | χναύοιτο | χναύοισθον | χναυοίσθην | χναυοίμεθᾰ | χναύοισθε | χναύοιντο | |||||
imperative | χναύου | χναυέσθω | χναύεσθον | χναυέσθων | χναύεσθε | χναυέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | χναύειν | χναύεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | χναύων | χναυόμενος | ||||||||||
f | χναύουσᾰ | χναυομένη | |||||||||||
n | χναῦον | χναυόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Derived terms
- πᾰρᾰχναύω (parakhnaúō)
- χναῦμᾰ (khnaûma)
- χναυρός (khnaurós)
- χναυστῐκός (khnaustikós)
Further reading
- “χναύω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “χναύω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- χναύω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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