στυφελός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From στυφελίζω (stuphelízō, “to strike hard, beat”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /sty.pʰe.lós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /sty.pʰeˈlos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /sty.ɸeˈlos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /sty.feˈlos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /sti.feˈlos/

Adjective

στῠφελός • (stuphelós) m (feminine στῠφελή, neuter στῠφελόν); first/second declension

hard, rough
astringent, sour, acid
Synonym: στρυφνός (struphnós)
harsh, severe, cruel
Synonyms: αὐστηρός (austērós), σκληρός (sklērós), τραχύς (trakhús)

Inflection

First and second declension of στῠφελός; στῠφελή; στῠφελόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	στῠφελός stuphelós	στῠφελή stuphelḗ	στῠφελόν stuphelón	στῠφελώ stuphelṓ	στῠφελᾱ́ stuphelā́	στῠφελώ stuphelṓ	στῠφελοί stupheloí	στῠφελαί stuphelaí	στῠφελᾰ́ stuphelá
Genitive	στῠφελοῦ stupheloû	στῠφελῆς stuphelês	στῠφελοῦ stupheloû	στῠφελοῖν stupheloîn	στῠφελαῖν stuphelaîn	στῠφελοῖν stupheloîn	στῠφελῶν stuphelôn	στῠφελῶν stuphelôn	στῠφελῶν stuphelôn
Dative	στῠφελῷ stuphelôi	στῠφελῇ stuphelêi	στῠφελῷ stuphelôi	στῠφελοῖν stupheloîn	στῠφελαῖν stuphelaîn	στῠφελοῖν stupheloîn	στῠφελοῖς stupheloîs	στῠφελαῖς stuphelaîs	στῠφελοῖς stupheloîs
Accusative	στῠφελόν stuphelón	στῠφελήν stuphelḗn	στῠφελόν stuphelón	στῠφελώ stuphelṓ	στῠφελᾱ́ stuphelā́	στῠφελώ stuphelṓ	στῠφελούς stupheloús	στῠφελᾱ́ς stuphelā́s	στῠφελᾰ́ stuphelá
Vocative	στῠφελέ stuphelé	στῠφελή stuphelḗ	στῠφελόν stuphelón	στῠφελώ stuphelṓ	στῠφελᾱ́ stuphelā́	στῠφελώ stuphelṓ	στῠφελοί stupheloí	στῠφελαί stuphelaí	στῠφελᾰ́ stuphelá
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	στῠφελῶς stuphelôs			στῠφελώτερος stuphelṓteros			στῠφελώτᾰτος stuphelṓtatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ἀστυφελός (astuphelós)
καταστυφελός (katastuphelós)
στυφελώδης (stuphelṓdēs)

References

“στυφελός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“στυφελός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
στυφελός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

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