σπουδάζω
Ancient Greek
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /spuː.dáz.dɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /spuˈda.zo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /spuˈða.zo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /spuˈða.zo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /spuˈða.zo/
Verb
σπουδάζω • (spoudázō)
- to hurry, hurry up, come quickly
- New Testament, Second Epistle to Timothy 4:9
- New Testament, Second Epistle to Timothy 4:21
- to strive, make an effort, eager
- New Testament, Epistle to the Galatians 2:10
- New Testament, Epistle to the Ephesians 4:3
Inflection
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | σπουδᾰ́ζω | σπουδᾰ́ζεις | σπουδᾰ́ζει | σπουδᾰ́ζετον | σπουδᾰ́ζετον | σπουδᾰ́ζομεν | σπουδᾰ́ζετε | σπουδᾰ́ζουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | σπουδᾰ́ζω | σπουδᾰ́ζῃς | σπουδᾰ́ζῃ | σπουδᾰ́ζητον | σπουδᾰ́ζητον | σπουδᾰ́ζωμεν | σπουδᾰ́ζητε | σπουδᾰ́ζωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | σπουδᾰ́ζοιμῐ | σπουδᾰ́ζοις | σπουδᾰ́ζοι | σπουδᾰ́ζοιτον | σπουδᾰζοίτην | σπουδᾰ́ζοιμεν | σπουδᾰ́ζοιτε | σπουδᾰ́ζοιεν | |||||
imperative | σπούδᾰζε | σπουδᾰζέτω | σπουδᾰ́ζετον | σπουδᾰζέτων | σπουδᾰ́ζετε | σπουδᾰζόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | σπουδᾰ́ζομαι | σπουδᾰ́ζῃ, σπουδᾰ́ζει |
σπουδᾰ́ζεται | σπουδᾰ́ζεσθον | σπουδᾰ́ζεσθον | σπουδᾰζόμεθᾰ | σπουδᾰ́ζεσθε | σπουδᾰ́ζονται | ||||
subjunctive | σπουδᾰ́ζωμαι | σπουδᾰ́ζῃ | σπουδᾰ́ζηται | σπουδᾰ́ζησθον | σπουδᾰ́ζησθον | σπουδᾰζώμεθᾰ | σπουδᾰ́ζησθε | σπουδᾰ́ζωνται | |||||
optative | σπουδᾰζοίμην | σπουδᾰ́ζοιο | σπουδᾰ́ζοιτο | σπουδᾰ́ζοισθον | σπουδᾰζοίσθην | σπουδᾰζοίμεθᾰ | σπουδᾰ́ζοισθε | σπουδᾰ́ζοιντο | |||||
imperative | σπουδᾰ́ζου | σπουδᾰζέσθω | σπουδᾰ́ζεσθον | σπουδᾰζέσθων | σπουδᾰ́ζεσθε | σπουδᾰζέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | σπουδᾰ́ζειν | σπουδᾰ́ζεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | σπουδᾰ́ζων | σπουδᾰζόμενος | ||||||||||
f | σπουδᾰ́ζουσᾰ | σπουδᾰζομένη | |||||||||||
n | σπουδᾰ́ζον | σπουδᾰζόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ἐσπούδᾰζον, ἐσπουδᾰζόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐσπούδᾰζον | ἐσπούδᾰζες | ἐσπούδᾰζε(ν) | ἐσπουδᾰ́ζετον | ἐσπουδᾰζέτην | ἐσπουδᾰ́ζομεν | ἐσπουδᾰ́ζετε | ἐσπούδᾰζον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐσπουδᾰζόμην | ἐσπουδᾰ́ζου | ἐσπουδᾰ́ζετο | ἐσπουδᾰ́ζεσθον | ἐσπουδᾰζέσθην | ἐσπουδᾰζόμεθᾰ | ἐσπουδᾰ́ζεσθε | ἐσπουδᾰ́ζοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Future: σπουδᾰ́σω, σπουδᾰ́σομαι, σπουδᾰσθήσομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | σπουδᾰ́σω | σπουδᾰ́σεις | σπουδᾰ́σει | σπουδᾰ́σετον | σπουδᾰ́σετον | σπουδᾰ́σομεν | σπουδᾰ́σετε | σπουδᾰ́σουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | σπουδᾰ́σοιμῐ | σπουδᾰ́σοις | σπουδᾰ́σοι | σπουδᾰ́σοιτον | σπουδᾰσοίτην | σπουδᾰ́σοιμεν | σπουδᾰ́σοιτε | σπουδᾰ́σοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | σπουδᾰ́σομαι | σπουδᾰ́σῃ, σπουδᾰ́σει |
σπουδᾰ́σεται | σπουδᾰ́σεσθον | σπουδᾰ́σεσθον | σπουδᾰσόμεθᾰ | σπουδᾰ́σεσθε | σπουδᾰ́σονται | ||||
optative | σπουδᾰσοίμην | σπουδᾰ́σοιο | σπουδᾰ́σοιτο | σπουδᾰ́σοισθον | σπουδᾰσοίσθην | σπουδᾰσοίμεθᾰ | σπουδᾰ́σοισθε | σπουδᾰ́σοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | σπουδᾰσθήσομαι | σπουδᾰσθήσῃ | σπουδᾰσθήσεται | σπουδᾰσθήσεσθον | σπουδᾰσθήσεσθον | σπουδᾰσθησόμεθᾰ | σπουδᾰσθήσεσθε | σπουδᾰσθήσονται | ||||
optative | σπουδᾰσθησοίμην | σπουδᾰσθήσοιο | σπουδᾰσθήσοιτο | σπουδᾰσθήσοισθον | σπουδᾰσθησοίσθην | σπουδᾰσθησοίμεθᾰ | σπουδᾰσθήσοισθε | σπουδᾰσθήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | σπουδᾰ́σειν | σπουδᾰ́σεσθαι | σπουδᾰσθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | σπουδᾰ́σων | σπουδᾰσόμενος | σπουδᾰσθησόμενος | |||||||||
f | σπουδᾰ́σουσᾰ | σπουδᾰσομένη | σπουδᾰσθησομένη | ||||||||||
n | σπουδᾰ́σον | σπουδᾰσόμενον | σπουδᾰσθησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Aorist: ἐσπούδᾰσᾰ, ἐσπουδᾰσᾰ́μην, ἐσπουδᾰ́σθην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐσπούδᾰσᾰ | ἐσπούδᾰσᾰς | ἐσπούδᾰσε(ν) | ἐσπουδᾰ́σᾰτον | ἐσπουδᾰσᾰ́την | ἐσπουδᾰ́σᾰμεν | ἐσπουδᾰ́σᾰτε | ἐσπούδᾰσᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | σπουδᾰ́σω | σπουδᾰ́σῃς | σπουδᾰ́σῃ | σπουδᾰ́σητον | σπουδᾰ́σητον | σπουδᾰ́σωμεν | σπουδᾰ́σητε | σπουδᾰ́σωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | σπουδᾰ́σαιμῐ | σπουδᾰ́σειᾰς, σπουδᾰ́σαις |
σπουδᾰ́σειε(ν), σπουδᾰ́σαι |
σπουδᾰ́σαιτον | σπουδᾰσαίτην | σπουδᾰ́σαιμεν | σπουδᾰ́σαιτε | σπουδᾰ́σειᾰν, σπουδᾰ́σαιεν | |||||
imperative | σπούδᾰσον | σπουδᾰσᾰ́τω | σπουδᾰ́σᾰτον | σπουδᾰσᾰ́των | σπουδᾰ́σᾰτε | σπουδᾰσᾰ́ντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ἐσπουδᾰσᾰ́μην | ἐσπουδᾰ́σω | ἐσπουδᾰ́σᾰτο | ἐσπουδᾰ́σᾰσθον | ἐσπουδᾰσᾰ́σθην | ἐσπουδᾰσᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐσπουδᾰ́σᾰσθε | ἐσπουδᾰ́σᾰντο | ||||
subjunctive | σπουδᾰ́σωμαι | σπουδᾰ́σῃ | σπουδᾰ́σηται | σπουδᾰ́σησθον | σπουδᾰ́σησθον | σπουδᾰσώμεθᾰ | σπουδᾰ́σησθε | σπουδᾰ́σωνται | |||||
optative | σπουδᾰσαίμην | σπουδᾰ́σαιο | σπουδᾰ́σαιτο | σπουδᾰ́σαισθον | σπουδᾰσαίσθην | σπουδᾰσαίμεθᾰ | σπουδᾰ́σαισθε | σπουδᾰ́σαιντο | |||||
imperative | σπούδᾰσαι | σπουδᾰσᾰ́σθω | σπουδᾰ́σᾰσθον | σπουδᾰσᾰ́σθων | σπουδᾰ́σᾰσθε | σπουδᾰσᾰ́σθων | |||||||
passive | indicative | ἐσπουδᾰ́σθην | ἐσπουδᾰ́σθης | ἐσπουδᾰ́σθη | ἐσπουδᾰ́σθητον | ἐσπουδᾰσθήτην | ἐσπουδᾰ́σθημεν | ἐσπουδᾰ́σθητε | ἐσπουδᾰ́σθησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | σπουδᾰσθῶ | σπουδᾰσθῇς | σπουδᾰσθῇ | σπουδᾰσθῆτον | σπουδᾰσθῆτον | σπουδᾰσθῶμεν | σπουδᾰσθῆτε | σπουδᾰσθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | σπουδᾰσθείην | σπουδᾰσθείης | σπουδᾰσθείη | σπουδᾰσθεῖτον, σπουδᾰσθείητον |
σπουδᾰσθείτην, σπουδᾰσθειήτην |
σπουδᾰσθεῖμεν, σπουδᾰσθείημεν |
σπουδᾰσθεῖτε, σπουδᾰσθείητε |
σπουδᾰσθεῖεν, σπουδᾰσθείησᾰν | |||||
imperative | σπουδᾰ́σθητῐ | σπουδᾰσθήτω | σπουδᾰ́σθητον | σπουδᾰσθήτων | σπουδᾰ́σθητε | σπουδᾰσθέντων | |||||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | σπουδᾰ́σαι | σπουδᾰ́σᾰσθαι | σπουδᾰσθῆναι | ||||||||||
participle | m | σπουδᾰ́σᾱς | σπουδᾰσᾰ́μενος | σπουδᾰσθείς | |||||||||
f | σπουδᾰ́σᾱσᾰ | σπουδᾰσᾰμένη | σπουδᾰσθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
n | σπουδᾰ́σᾰν | σπουδᾰσᾰ́μενον | σπουδᾰσθέν | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Perfect: ἐσπούδᾰκᾰ, ἐσπούδᾰσμαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐσπούδᾰκᾰ | ἐσπούδᾰκᾰς | ἐσπούδᾰκε(ν) | ἐσπουδᾰ́κᾰτον | ἐσπουδᾰ́κᾰτον | ἐσπουδᾰ́κᾰμεν | ἐσπουδᾰ́κᾰτε | ἐσπουδᾰ́κᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ἐσπουδᾰ́κω | ἐσπουδᾰ́κῃς | ἐσπουδᾰ́κῃ | ἐσπουδᾰ́κητον | ἐσπουδᾰ́κητον | ἐσπουδᾰ́κωμεν | ἐσπουδᾰ́κητε | ἐσπουδᾰ́κωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἐσπουδᾰ́κοιμῐ, ἐσπουδᾰκοίην |
ἐσπουδᾰ́κοις, ἐσπουδᾰκοίης |
ἐσπουδᾰ́κοι, ἐσπουδᾰκοίη |
ἐσπουδᾰ́κοιτον | ἐσπουδᾰκοίτην | ἐσπουδᾰ́κοιμεν | ἐσπουδᾰ́κοιτε | ἐσπουδᾰ́κοιεν | |||||
imperative | ἐσπούδᾰκε | ἐσπουδᾰκέτω | ἐσπουδᾰ́κετον | ἐσπουδᾰκέτων | ἐσπουδᾰ́κετε | ἐσπουδᾰκόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐσπούδᾰσμαι | ἐσπούδᾰσαι | ἐσπούδᾰσται | ἐσπούδᾰσθον | ἐσπούδᾰσθον | ἐσπουδᾰ́σμεθᾰ | ἐσπούδᾰσθε | ἐσπουδᾰ́δᾰται | ||||
subjunctive | ἐσπουδᾰσμένος ὦ | ἐσπουδᾰσμένος ᾖς | ἐσπουδᾰσμένος ᾖ | ἐσπουδᾰσμένω ἦτον | ἐσπουδᾰσμένω ἦτον | ἐσπουδᾰσμένοι ὦμεν | ἐσπουδᾰσμένοι ἦτε | ἐσπουδᾰσμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἐσπουδᾰσμένος εἴην | ἐσπουδᾰσμένος εἴης | ἐσπουδᾰσμένος εἴη | ἐσπουδᾰσμένω εἴητον/εἶτον | ἐσπουδᾰσμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | ἐσπουδᾰσμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | ἐσπουδᾰσμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | ἐσπουδᾰσμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
imperative | ἐσπούδᾰσο | ἐσπουδᾰ́σθω | ἐσπούδᾰσθον | ἐσπουδᾰ́σθων | ἐσπούδᾰσθε | ἐσπουδᾰ́σθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ἐσπουδᾰκέναι | ἐσπουδᾰ́σθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ἐσπουδᾰκώς | ἐσπουδᾰσμένος | ||||||||||
f | ἐσπουδᾰκυῖᾰ | ἐσπουδᾰσμένη | |||||||||||
n | ἐσπουδᾰκός | ἐσπουδᾰσμένον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Pluperfect: ἐσπουδᾰ́κειν, ἐσπουδᾰ́σμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐσπουδᾰ́κειν, ἐσπουδᾰ́κη |
ἐσπουδᾰ́κεις, ἐσπουδᾰ́κης |
ἐσπουδᾰ́κει(ν) | ἐσπουδᾰ́κετον | ἐσπουδᾰκέτην | ἐσπουδᾰ́κεμεν | ἐσπουδᾰ́κετε | ἐσπουδᾰ́κεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐσπουδᾰ́σμην | ἐσπούδᾰσο | ἐσπούδᾰστο | ἐσπούδᾰσθον | ἐσπουδᾰ́σθην | ἐσπουδᾰ́σμεθᾰ | ἐσπούδᾰσθε | ἐσπουδᾰ́δᾰτο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Further reading
- “σπουδάζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- G4704 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- anxious idem, page 33.
- bent idem, page 74.
- busy idem, page 106.
- eager idem, page 258.
- eagerly idem, page 258.
- earnest idem, page 259.
- elaborate idem, page 265.
- endeavour idem, page 272.
- engage idem, page 274.
- grave idem, page 371.
- intent on idem, page 449.
- keen idem, page 467.
- labour idem, page 472.
- lay idem, page 480.
- pore over idem, page 627.
- seek idem, page 749.
- serious idem, page 754.
- set idem, page 756.
- sober idem, page 790.
- strive idem, page 827.
- struggle idem, page 828.
- toil idem, page 880.
- trouble idem, page 897.
- warm idem, page 964.
- work idem, page 988.
- zealous idem, page 997.
Greek
Conjugation
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Related terms
- see: σπουδή f (spoudí, “study”)
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