σκύβαλον

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Neumann compares this word with Hittite [script needed] (išḫuwai-, “to throw, scatter, pour”), while Furnée with κύπελλον (kúpellon, “whatever dough and bread is left over on the table”). If the last theory is correct, then the word could be of Pre-Greek origin. However, while κύπελλον (kúpellon) provides only superficial similarities (note the differences in the consonants), a non-Hittite Anatolian form *šḫuwai provides a perfect match. The immediate Anatolian source cannot be identified more precisely, since neither the phonology nor the morphology is specific enough. Possible candidates are Luwian, Lydian or Palaic.[1]

Pronunciation
 

Noun

σκῠ́βᾰλον • (skúbalon) n (genitive σκῠβᾰ́λου); second declension

  1. dung, excrement, manure
  2. refuse, offal

Inflection
Second declension of τὸ σκῠ́βᾰλον; τοῦ σκῠβᾰ́λου (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative τὸ σκῠ́βᾰλον
tò skúbalon		 τὼ σκῠβᾰ́λω
tṑ skubálō		 τᾰ̀ σκῠ́βᾰλᾰ
tà skúbala
Genitive τοῦ σκῠβᾰ́λου
toû skubálou		 τοῖν σκῠβᾰ́λοιν
toîn skubáloin		 τῶν σκῠβᾰ́λων
tôn skubálōn
Dative τῷ σκῠβᾰ́λῳ
tôi skubálōi		 τοῖν σκῠβᾰ́λοιν
toîn skubáloin		 τοῖς σκῠβᾰ́λοις
toîs skubálois
Accusative τὸ σκῠ́βᾰλον
tò skúbalon		 τὼ σκῠβᾰ́λω
tṑ skubálō		 τᾰ̀ σκῠ́βᾰλᾰ
tà skúbala
Vocative σκῠ́βᾰλον
skúbalon		 σκῠβᾰ́λω
skubálō		 σκῠ́βᾰλᾰ
skúbala
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms
  • σκῠβᾰλώδης (skubalṓdēs)
  • σκῠβᾰλῐ́ζω (skubalízō)
  • σκῠβᾰλῐκός (skubalikós)
  • σκῠβᾰλῐσμός (skubalismós)

Descendants
  • → English: scybala

References
  1. Zsolt Simon, (Munich: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München), 404.

Further reading
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