μαλθακός

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

μολθακός (molthakós) — Aeolic

Etymology

Formation like μαλακός (malakós, “soft, tender”); the two synonymous adjectives may have influenced each other. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *mel- (“soft”), like Proto-Germanic *malskaz (“soft”) and Sanskrit मर्धति (mardhati, “to abandon, neglect”). However, Beekes considers the word Pre-Greek, because *ml̥dʰ- would yield *βλαθ- (*blath-). Moreover, this word cannot be cognate with μαλακός (malakós), as the latter must go back to *mlh₂-ek and there is no trace of the h₂- in the former.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /mal.tʰa.kós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /mal.tʰaˈkos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /mal.θaˈkos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /mal.θaˈkos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /mal.θaˈkos/

Adjective

μᾰλθᾰκός • (malthakós) m (feminine μᾰλθᾰκή, neuter μᾰλθᾰκόν); first/second declension

soft, tender, mellow
(figuratively) weak, feeble
gentle, mild, mellow

Inflection

First and second declension of μᾰλθᾰκός; μᾰλθᾰκή; μᾰλθᾰκόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	μᾰλθᾰκός malthakós	μᾰλθᾰκή malthakḗ	μᾰλθᾰκόν malthakón	μᾰλθᾰκώ malthakṓ	μᾰλθᾰκᾱ́ malthakā́	μᾰλθᾰκώ malthakṓ	μᾰλθᾰκοί malthakoí	μᾰλθᾰκαί malthakaí	μᾰλθᾰκᾰ́ malthaká
Genitive	μᾰλθᾰκοῦ malthakoû	μᾰλθᾰκῆς malthakês	μᾰλθᾰκοῦ malthakoû	μᾰλθᾰκοῖν malthakoîn	μᾰλθᾰκαῖν malthakaîn	μᾰλθᾰκοῖν malthakoîn	μᾰλθᾰκῶν malthakôn	μᾰλθᾰκῶν malthakôn	μᾰλθᾰκῶν malthakôn
Dative	μᾰλθᾰκῷ malthakôi	μᾰλθᾰκῇ malthakêi	μᾰλθᾰκῷ malthakôi	μᾰλθᾰκοῖν malthakoîn	μᾰλθᾰκαῖν malthakaîn	μᾰλθᾰκοῖν malthakoîn	μᾰλθᾰκοῖς malthakoîs	μᾰλθᾰκαῖς malthakaîs	μᾰλθᾰκοῖς malthakoîs
Accusative	μᾰλθᾰκόν malthakón	μᾰλθᾰκήν malthakḗn	μᾰλθᾰκόν malthakón	μᾰλθᾰκώ malthakṓ	μᾰλθᾰκᾱ́ malthakā́	μᾰλθᾰκώ malthakṓ	μᾰλθᾰκούς malthakoús	μᾰλθᾰκᾱ́ς malthakā́s	μᾰλθᾰκᾰ́ malthaká
Vocative	μᾰλθᾰκέ malthaké	μᾰλθᾰκή malthakḗ	μᾰλθᾰκόν malthakón	μᾰλθᾰκώ malthakṓ	μᾰλθᾰκᾱ́ malthakā́	μᾰλθᾰκώ malthakṓ	μᾰλθᾰκοί malthakoí	μᾰλθᾰκαί malthakaí	μᾰλθᾰκᾰ́ malthaká
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	μᾰλθᾰκῶς malthakôs			μᾰλθᾰκώτερος malthakṓteros			μᾰλθᾰκώτᾰτος malthakṓtatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

μαλθακευνία (malthakeunía)
μαλθακία (malthakía)
μαλθακίζομαι (malthakízomai)
μαλθακιστέον (malthakistéon)
μαλθακότης (malthakótēs)
μαλθακόφωνος (malthakóphōnos)
μαλθακτήριον (malthaktḗrion)
μαλθακτικός (malthaktikós)
μαλθακώδης (malthakṓdēs)