μήτηρ
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- μᾱ́τηρ (mā́tēr) — Doric
- μᾱ́ταρ (mā́tar) — Arcadocypriot
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *mā́tēr (compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀔𐀳𐀩 (ma-te-re), Doric μᾱ́τηρ (mā́tēr)), from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr. Cognates include Phrygian ματαρ (matar), Old Armenian մայր (mayr), Latin māter, Old Persian 𐎶𐎠𐎫𐎠 (m-a-t-a /mātā/), Avestan 𐬨𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (mātar), Sanskrit मातृ (mā́tṛ), Old Church Slavonic мати (mati), and Old English mōdor (English mother).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /mɛ̌ː.tɛːr/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈme̝.te̝r/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈmi.tir/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈmi.tir/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈmi.tir/
Declension
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἡ μήτηρ hē mḗtēr |
τὼ μητέρε tṑ mētére |
αἱ μητέρες hai mētéres | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τῆς μητρός tês mētrós |
τοῖν μητέροιν toîn mētéroin |
τῶν μητέρων tôn mētérōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῇ μητρῐ́ têi mētrí |
τοῖν μητέροιν toîn mētéroin |
ταῖς μητρᾰ́σῐ / μητρᾰ́σῐν taîs mētrási(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὴν μητέρᾰ tḕn mētéra |
τὼ μητέρε tṑ mētére |
τᾱ̀ς μητέρᾰς tā̀s mētéras | ||||||||||
| Vocative | μῆτερ mêter |
μητέρε mētére |
μητέρες mētéres | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | μήτηρ mḗtēr |
μητέρε mētére |
μητέρες mētéres | ||||||||||
| Genitive | μητέρος / μητρός mētéros / mētrós |
μητέροιν mētéroin |
μητέρων mētérōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | μητέρῐ / μητρῐ́ mētéri / mētrí |
μητέροιν mētéroin |
μητρᾰ́σῐ / μητρᾰ́σῐν mētrási(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | μητέρᾰ mētéra |
μητέρε mētére |
μητέρᾰς mētéras | ||||||||||
| Vocative | μῆτερ mêter |
μητέρε mētére |
μητέρες mētéres | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- Μητρόδωρος (Mētródōros)
- μητρόπολῐς (mētrópolis)
- Δημήτηρ (Dēmḗtēr)
Descendants
- Greek: μητέρα (mitéra)
Further reading
- “μήτηρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “μήτηρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “μήτηρ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- μήτηρ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- μήτηρ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- G3384 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
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