μάρπτω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

A word without outer-Greek cognates. Within Greek, a connection may be drawn with some glosses found in Hesychius:

βράψαι (brápsai, “to gather, spens; consume, hide, hunt”)
βράπτειν (bráptein, “to eat, hide, make disappear, remove”)
(with a different auslauting velar) βρακεῖν (brakeîn, “to understand, grasp”) and βράξαι (bráxai, “to drink, bite, gather”).

The latter have been compared with Sanskrit मृशति (mṛśati, “to touch, handle”). However, the variation κ/π cannot be explained in Indo-European terms. Rather, the variants point to Pre-Greek origin.

Alternatively, Nikolaev rejects a pre-Greek etymology and instead reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *merkʷ-, to which he also assigns Latin merx (“goods, merchandise”) (with delabialization before s generalized throughout its paradigm) and Tocharian A märk- (“to take away”).[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /márp.tɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈmarp.to/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈmarp.to/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈmarp.to/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈmarp.to/

Verb

μᾰ́ρπτω • (márptō)

to take hold of, catch, grasp
to lay hold of, seize, overtake

Inflection

Present: μᾰ́ρπτω, μᾰ́ρπτομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	μᾰ́ρπτω	μᾰ́ρπτεις	μᾰ́ρπτει	μᾰ́ρπτετον	μᾰ́ρπτετον	μᾰ́ρπτομεν	μᾰ́ρπτετε	μᾰ́ρπτουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	μᾰ́ρπτω	μᾰ́ρπτῃς	μᾰ́ρπτῃ	μᾰ́ρπτητον	μᾰ́ρπτητον	μᾰ́ρπτωμεν	μᾰ́ρπτητε	μᾰ́ρπτωσῐ(ν)
	optative	μᾰ́ρπτοιμῐ	μᾰ́ρπτοις	μᾰ́ρπτοι	μᾰ́ρπτοιτον	μᾰρπτοίτην	μᾰ́ρπτοιμεν	μᾰ́ρπτοιτε	μᾰ́ρπτοιεν
	imperative		μᾰ́ρπτε	μᾰρπτέτω	μᾰ́ρπτετον	μᾰρπτέτων		μᾰ́ρπτετε	μᾰρπτόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	μᾰ́ρπτομαι	μᾰ́ρπτῃ, μᾰ́ρπτει	μᾰ́ρπτεται	μᾰ́ρπτεσθον	μᾰ́ρπτεσθον	μᾰρπτόμεθᾰ	μᾰ́ρπτεσθε	μᾰ́ρπτονται
	subjunctive	μᾰ́ρπτωμαι	μᾰ́ρπτῃ	μᾰ́ρπτηται	μᾰ́ρπτησθον	μᾰ́ρπτησθον	μᾰρπτώμεθᾰ	μᾰ́ρπτησθε	μᾰ́ρπτωνται
	optative	μᾰρπτοίμην	μᾰ́ρπτοιο	μᾰ́ρπτοιτο	μᾰ́ρπτοισθον	μᾰρπτοίσθην	μᾰρπτοίμεθᾰ	μᾰ́ρπτοισθε	μᾰ́ρπτοιντο
	imperative		μᾰ́ρπτου	μᾰρπτέσθω	μᾰ́ρπτεσθον	μᾰρπτέσθων		μᾰ́ρπτεσθε	μᾰρπτέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		μᾰ́ρπτειν				μᾰ́ρπτεσθαι
participle	m	μᾰ́ρπτων				μᾰρπτόμενος
	f	μᾰ́ρπτουσᾰ				μᾰρπτομένη
	n	μᾰ́ρπτον				μᾰρπτόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἔμᾰρπτον, ἐμᾰρπτόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔμᾰρπτον	ἔμᾰρπτες	ἔμᾰρπτε(ν)	ἐμᾰ́ρπτετον	ἐμᾰρπτέτην	ἐμᾰ́ρπτομεν	ἐμᾰ́ρπτετε	ἔμᾰρπτον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐμᾰρπτόμην	ἐμᾰ́ρπτου	ἐμᾰ́ρπτετο	ἐμᾰ́ρπτεσθον	ἐμᾰρπτέσθην	ἐμᾰρπτόμεθᾰ	ἐμᾰ́ρπτεσθε	ἐμᾰ́ρπτοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: μᾰ́ρψω, μᾰ́ρψομαι, μᾰρφήσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	μᾰ́ρψω	μᾰ́ρψεις	μᾰ́ρψει	μᾰ́ρψετον	μᾰ́ρψετον	μᾰ́ρψομεν	μᾰ́ρψετε	μᾰ́ρψουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	μᾰ́ρψοιμῐ	μᾰ́ρψοις	μᾰ́ρψοι	μᾰ́ρψοιτον	μᾰρψοίτην	μᾰ́ρψοιμεν	μᾰ́ρψοιτε	μᾰ́ρψοιεν
middle	indicative	μᾰ́ρψομαι	μᾰ́ρψῃ, μᾰ́ρψει	μᾰ́ρψεται	μᾰ́ρψεσθον	μᾰ́ρψεσθον	μᾰρψόμεθᾰ	μᾰ́ρψεσθε	μᾰ́ρψονται
middle	optative	μᾰρψοίμην	μᾰ́ρψοιο	μᾰ́ρψοιτο	μᾰ́ρψοισθον	μᾰρψοίσθην	μᾰρψοίμεθᾰ	μᾰ́ρψοισθε	μᾰ́ρψοιντο
passive	indicative	μᾰρφήσομαι	μᾰρφήσῃ	μᾰρφήσεται	μᾰρφήσεσθον	μᾰρφήσεσθον	μᾰρφησόμεθᾰ	μᾰρφήσεσθε	μᾰρφήσονται
passive	optative	μᾰρφησοίμην	μᾰρφήσοιο	μᾰρφήσοιτο	μᾰρφήσοισθον	μᾰρφησοίσθην	μᾰρφησοίμεθᾰ	μᾰρφήσοισθε	μᾰρφήσοιντο
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		μᾰ́ρψειν			μᾰ́ρψεσθαι		μᾰρφήσεσθαι
participle	m	μᾰ́ρψων			μᾰρψόμενος		μᾰρφησόμενος
	f	μᾰ́ρψουσᾰ			μᾰρψομένη		μᾰρφησομένη
	n	μᾰ́ρψον			μᾰρψόμενον		μᾰρφησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἔμᾰρψᾰ, ἐμᾰρψᾰ́μην, ἐμᾰ́ρφθην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔμᾰρψᾰ	ἔμᾰρψᾰς	ἔμᾰρψε(ν)	ἐμᾰ́ρψᾰτον	ἐμᾰρψᾰ́την	ἐμᾰ́ρψᾰμεν	ἐμᾰ́ρψᾰτε	ἔμᾰρψᾰν
	subjunctive	μᾰ́ρψω	μᾰ́ρψῃς	μᾰ́ρψῃ	μᾰ́ρψητον	μᾰ́ρψητον	μᾰ́ρψωμεν	μᾰ́ρψητε	μᾰ́ρψωσῐ(ν)
	optative	μᾰ́ρψαιμῐ	μᾰ́ρψειᾰς, μᾰ́ρψαις	μᾰ́ρψειε(ν), μᾰ́ρψαι	μᾰ́ρψαιτον	μᾰρψαίτην	μᾰ́ρψαιμεν	μᾰ́ρψαιτε	μᾰ́ρψειᾰν, μᾰ́ρψαιεν
	imperative		μᾰ́ρψον	μᾰρψᾰ́τω	μᾰ́ρψᾰτον	μᾰρψᾰ́των		μᾰ́ρψᾰτε	μᾰρψᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἐμᾰρψᾰ́μην	ἐμᾰ́ρψω	ἐμᾰ́ρψᾰτο	ἐμᾰ́ρψᾰσθον	ἐμᾰρψᾰ́σθην	ἐμᾰρψᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἐμᾰ́ρψᾰσθε	ἐμᾰ́ρψᾰντο
	subjunctive	μᾰ́ρψωμαι	μᾰ́ρψῃ	μᾰ́ρψηται	μᾰ́ρψησθον	μᾰ́ρψησθον	μᾰρψώμεθᾰ	μᾰ́ρψησθε	μᾰ́ρψωνται
	optative	μᾰρψαίμην	μᾰ́ρψαιο	μᾰ́ρψαιτο	μᾰ́ρψαισθον	μᾰρψαίσθην	μᾰρψαίμεθᾰ	μᾰ́ρψαισθε	μᾰ́ρψαιντο
	imperative		μᾰ́ρψαι	μᾰρψᾰ́σθω	μᾰ́ρψᾰσθον	μᾰρψᾰ́σθων		μᾰ́ρψᾰσθε	μᾰρψᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ἐμᾰ́ρφθην	ἐμᾰ́ρφθης	ἐμᾰ́ρφθη	ἐμᾰ́ρφθητον	ἐμᾰρφθήτην	ἐμᾰ́ρφθημεν	ἐμᾰ́ρφθητε	ἐμᾰ́ρφθησᾰν
	subjunctive	μᾰρφθῶ	μᾰρφθῇς	μᾰρφθῇ	μᾰρφθῆτον	μᾰρφθῆτον	μᾰρφθῶμεν	μᾰρφθῆτε	μᾰρφθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	μᾰρφθείην	μᾰρφθείης	μᾰρφθείη	μᾰρφθεῖτον, μᾰρφθείητον	μᾰρφθείτην, μᾰρφθειήτην	μᾰρφθεῖμεν, μᾰρφθείημεν	μᾰρφθεῖτε, μᾰρφθείητε	μᾰρφθεῖεν, μᾰρφθείησᾰν
	imperative		μᾰ́ρφθητῐ	μᾰρφθήτω	μᾰ́ρφθητον	μᾰρφθήτων		μᾰ́ρφθητε	μᾰρφθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		μᾰ́ρψαι			μᾰ́ρψᾰσθαι		μᾰρφθῆναι
participle	m	μᾰ́ρψᾱς			μᾰρψᾰ́μενος		μᾰρφθείς
	f	μᾰ́ρψᾱσᾰ			μᾰρψᾰμένη		μᾰρφθεῖσᾰ
	n	μᾰ́ρψᾰν			μᾰρψᾰ́μενον		μᾰρφθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

κᾰτᾰμᾰ́ρπτω (katamárptō)
μᾰ́ρπτῐς (márptis)
σῠμμᾰ́ρπτω (summárptō)

References

Nikolaev, Alexander (2021) “Etyma Graeca II”, in Indo-European Linguistics and Classical Philology, number 25, Institute for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 953–976