κωκύω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kū-. According to Beekes, the word is not Indo-European and, thus, probably Pre-Greek. It has been assumed that the verb has intensive reduplication, by comparison with Sanskrit कौति (kauti, “to cry, moan”), but these are only attested in grammarians.

Pronunciation
 

Verb

κωκῡ́ω • (kōkū́ō)

  1. (especially of women) to shriek, wail
    Synonyms: θρέομαι (thréomai), ὀδῡ́ρομαι (odū́romai)
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.703:
      κώκυσέν τ’ ἄρ’ ἔπειτα γέγωνέ τε πᾶν κατὰ ἄστυ·
      kṓkusén t’ ár’ épeita gégōné te pân katà ástu;
      Thereupon, she shrieked and cried all through the city:
  2. to lament or shriek over one dead

Inflection
   Present: κωκῡ́ω, κωκῡ́ομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative κωκῡ́ω κωκῡ́εις κωκῡ́ει κωκῡ́ετον κωκῡ́ετον κωκῡ́ομεν κωκῡ́ετε κωκῡ́ουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive κωκῡ́ω κωκῡ́ῃς κωκῡ́ῃ κωκῡ́ητον κωκῡ́ητον κωκῡ́ωμεν κωκῡ́ητε κωκῡ́ωσῐ(ν)
optative κωκῡ́οιμῐ κωκῡ́οις κωκῡ́οι κωκῡ́οιτον κωκῡοίτην κωκῡ́οιμεν κωκῡ́οιτε κωκῡ́οιεν
imperative   κώκῡε κωκῡέτω κωκῡ́ετον κωκῡέτων   κωκῡ́ετε κωκῡόντων
middle/
passive		 indicative κωκῡ́ομαι κωκῡ́ῃ,
κωκῡ́ει		 κωκῡ́εται κωκῡ́εσθον κωκῡ́εσθον κωκῡόμεθᾰ κωκῡ́εσθε κωκῡ́ονται
subjunctive κωκῡ́ωμαι κωκῡ́ῃ κωκῡ́ηται κωκῡ́ησθον κωκῡ́ησθον κωκῡώμεθᾰ κωκῡ́ησθε κωκῡ́ωνται
optative κωκῡοίμην κωκῡ́οιο κωκῡ́οιτο κωκῡ́οισθον κωκῡοίσθην κωκῡοίμεθᾰ κωκῡ́οισθε κωκῡ́οιντο
imperative   κωκῡ́ου κωκῡέσθω κωκῡ́εσθον κωκῡέσθων   κωκῡ́εσθε κωκῡέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive κωκῡ́ειν κωκῡ́εσθαι
participle m κωκῡ́ων κωκῡόμενος
f κωκῡ́ουσᾰ κωκῡομένη
n κωκῦον κωκῡόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: κωκῡ́σω, κωκῡ́σομαι, κωκῡθήσομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative κωκῡ́σω κωκῡ́σεις κωκῡ́σει κωκῡ́σετον κωκῡ́σετον κωκῡ́σομεν κωκῡ́σετε κωκῡ́σουσῐ(ν)
optative κωκῡ́σοιμῐ κωκῡ́σοις κωκῡ́σοι κωκῡ́σοιτον κωκῡσοίτην κωκῡ́σοιμεν κωκῡ́σοιτε κωκῡ́σοιεν
middle indicative κωκῡ́σομαι κωκῡ́σῃ,
κωκῡ́σει		 κωκῡ́σεται κωκῡ́σεσθον κωκῡ́σεσθον κωκῡσόμεθᾰ κωκῡ́σεσθε κωκῡ́σονται
optative κωκῡσοίμην κωκῡ́σοιο κωκῡ́σοιτο κωκῡ́σοισθον κωκῡσοίσθην κωκῡσοίμεθᾰ κωκῡ́σοισθε κωκῡ́σοιντο
passive indicative κωκῡθήσομαι κωκῡθήσῃ κωκῡθήσεται κωκῡθήσεσθον κωκῡθήσεσθον κωκῡθησόμεθᾰ κωκῡθήσεσθε κωκῡθήσονται
optative κωκῡθησοίμην κωκῡθήσοιο κωκῡθήσοιτο κωκῡθήσοισθον κωκῡθησοίσθην κωκῡθησοίμεθᾰ κωκῡθήσοισθε κωκῡθήσοιντο
active middle passive
infinitive κωκῡ́σειν κωκῡ́σεσθαι κωκῡθήσεσθαι
participle m κωκῡ́σων κωκῡσόμενος κωκῡθησόμενος
f κωκῡ́σουσᾰ κωκῡσομένη κωκῡθησομένη
n κωκῦσον κωκῡσόμενον κωκῡθησόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἐκώκῡσᾰ, ἐκωκῡσᾰ́μην, ἐκωκῡ́θην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐκώκῡσᾰ ἐκώκῡσᾰς ἐκώκῡσε(ν) ἐκωκῡ́σᾰτον ἐκωκῡσᾰ́την ἐκωκῡ́σᾰμεν ἐκωκῡ́σᾰτε ἐκώκῡσᾰν
subjunctive κωκῡ́σω κωκῡ́σῃς κωκῡ́σῃ κωκῡ́σητον κωκῡ́σητον κωκῡ́σωμεν κωκῡ́σητε κωκῡ́σωσῐ(ν)
optative κωκῡ́σαιμῐ κωκῡ́σειᾰς,
κωκῡ́σαις		 κωκῡ́σειε(ν),
κωκῡ́σαι		 κωκῡ́σαιτον κωκῡσαίτην κωκῡ́σαιμεν κωκῡ́σαιτε κωκῡ́σειᾰν,
κωκῡ́σαιεν
imperative   κώκῡσον κωκῡσᾰ́τω κωκῡ́σᾰτον κωκῡσᾰ́των   κωκῡ́σᾰτε κωκῡσᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ἐκωκῡσᾰ́μην ἐκωκῡ́σω ἐκωκῡ́σᾰτο ἐκωκῡ́σᾰσθον ἐκωκῡσᾰ́σθην ἐκωκῡσᾰ́μεθᾰ ἐκωκῡ́σᾰσθε ἐκωκῡ́σᾰντο
subjunctive κωκῡ́σωμαι κωκῡ́σῃ κωκῡ́σηται κωκῡ́σησθον κωκῡ́σησθον κωκῡσώμεθᾰ κωκῡ́σησθε κωκῡ́σωνται
optative κωκῡσαίμην κωκῡ́σαιο κωκῡ́σαιτο κωκῡ́σαισθον κωκῡσαίσθην κωκῡσαίμεθᾰ κωκῡ́σαισθε κωκῡ́σαιντο
imperative   κώκῡσαι κωκῡσᾰ́σθω κωκῡ́σᾰσθον κωκῡσᾰ́σθων   κωκῡ́σᾰσθε κωκῡσᾰ́σθων
passive indicative ἐκωκῡ́θην ἐκωκῡ́θης ἐκωκῡ́θη ἐκωκῡ́θητον ἐκωκῡθήτην ἐκωκῡ́θημεν ἐκωκῡ́θητε ἐκωκῡ́θησᾰν
subjunctive κωκῡθῶ κωκῡθῇς κωκῡθῇ κωκῡθῆτον κωκῡθῆτον κωκῡθῶμεν κωκῡθῆτε κωκῡθῶσῐ(ν)
optative κωκῡθείην κωκῡθείης κωκῡθείη κωκῡθεῖτον,
κωκῡθείητον		 κωκῡθείτην,
κωκῡθειήτην		 κωκῡθεῖμεν,
κωκῡθείημεν		 κωκῡθεῖτε,
κωκῡθείητε		 κωκῡθεῖεν,
κωκῡθείησᾰν
imperative   κωκῡ́θητῐ κωκῡθήτω κωκῡ́θητον κωκῡθήτων   κωκῡ́θητε κωκῡθέντων
active middle passive
infinitive κωκῦσαι κωκῡ́σᾰσθαι κωκῡθῆναι
participle m κωκῡ́σᾱς κωκῡσᾰ́μενος κωκῡθείς
f κωκῡ́σᾱσᾰ κωκῡσᾰμένη κωκῡθεῖσᾰ
n κωκῦσᾰν κωκῡσᾰ́μενον κωκῡθέν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms
  • ἀνᾰκωκῡ́ω (anakōkū́ō)
  • ἐπῐκωκῡ́ω (epikōkū́ō)
  • κώκῡμᾰ (kṓkūma)
  • κωκῡτός (kōkūtós)
  • Κωκῡτός (Kōkūtós)
  • κωκῡτῐ́ς (kōkūtís)

Further reading
  • “κωκύω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “κωκύω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “κωκύω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
  • κωκύω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
  • κωκύω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
  • Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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