κέδρος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Unknown.[1] Perhaps a Mediterranean Pre-Greek borrowing, maybe the same word as Arabic قَطْرَان (qaṭrān, “resin, tar”) and related to Akkadian 𒌑𒆐𒊏𒀀𒉡 (U₂qat₆-ra-a-nu /⁠qatrānu⁠/, “cedar resin”), particularly considering the region to which the genus Cedrus is native. Compare also قَطَر (qaṭar, “Qatar”) and its root related to the dribbling of resins, secretions, and other aromatic resinous woods like agarwood. Note also Old Armenian ցիրդ (cʻird).

Pronunciation
 

Noun

κέδρος • (kédros) f (genitive κέδρου); second declension

  1. cedar (tree of genus Cedrus or Juniperus)
  2. anything made of cedar-wood
  3. cedar-oil

Inflection
Second declension of ἡ κέδρος; τῆς κέδρου (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ἡ κέδρος
hē kédros		 τὼ κέδρω
tṑ kédrō		 αἱ κέδροι
hai kédroi
Genitive τῆς κέδρου
tês kédrou		 τοῖν κέδροιν
toîn kédroin		 τῶν κέδρων
tôn kédrōn
Dative τῇ κέδρῳ
têi kédrōi		 τοῖν κέδροιν
toîn kédroin		 ταῖς κέδροις
taîs kédrois
Accusative τὴν κέδρον
tḕn kédron		 τὼ κέδρω
tṑ kédrō		 τᾱ̀ς κέδρους
tā̀s kédrous
Vocative κέδρε
kédre		 κέδρω
kédrō		 κέδροι
kédroi
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms
  • κεδρέλαιον (kedrélaion)
  • κεδρελάτη (kedrelátē)
  • κεδρία (kedría)
  • κέδρινος (kédrinos)
  • κεδρίον (kedríon)
  • κεδρίς (kedrís)
  • κεδρίτης (kedrítēs)
  • κεδρόμηλον (kedrómēlon)
  • κέδρον (kédron)
  • κεδροπαγής (kedropagḗs)
  • κεδροχαρής (kedrokharḗs)
  • κεδρόω (kedróō)
  • κέδρωστις (kédrōstis)
  • κεδρωτός (kedrōtós)
  • ὀξύκεδρος (oxúkedros)

Descendants
  • Greek: κέδρος (kédros)
  • → Latin: cedrus (see there for further descendants)
  • →? Latin: citrus (possibly, via Etruscan) (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 663

Further reading
  • “κέδρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “κέδρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “κέδρος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
  • κέδρος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
  • κέδρος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
  • Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • Blažek, Václav (2014) “Etymologizing ‘unetymologizable’ Greek dendronyms”, in Graeco-Latina Brunensia‎, volume 19, number 1, page 44
  • Lewy, Heinrich (1895) Die semitischen Fremdwörter im Griechischen (in German), Berlin: R. Gaertner’s Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 34
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