Θῆβαι

Ancient Greek

Etymology 1

From Ionic-Attic Θήβη (Thḗbē), from Mycenaean Greek 𐀳𐀣 (te-qa /⁠tʰēgʷā⁠/), from Proto-Hellenic *tʰēgʷā.

Pronunciation
 

Proper noun

Θῆβαι • (Thêbai) f pl (genitive Θηβῶν); first declension

  1. Thebes, the name of a city in Boeotia
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.222-223:
      Τυδέα δ’ οὐ μέμνημαι, ἐπεί μ’ ἔτι τυτθὸν ἐόντα / κάλλιφ’, ὅτ’ ἐν Θήβῃσιν ἀπώλετο λαὸς Ἀχαιῶν.
      Tudéa d’ ou mémnēmai, epeí m’ éti tutthòn eónta / kálliph’, hót’ en Thḗbēisin apṓleto laòs Akhaiôn.
      • 1990 translation by Robert Fagles
        My father, Tydeus, I really don't remember. I was just a baby when father left me then, that time an Achaean army went to die at Thebes.
Inflection
First declension of αἱ Θῆβαι; τῶν Θηβῶν (Attic)
Case / # Plural
Nominative αἱ Θῆβαι
hai Thêbai
Genitive τῶν Θηβῶν
tôn Thēbôn
Dative ταῖς Θήβαις
taîs Thḗbais
Accusative τᾱ̀ς Θήβᾱς
tā̀s Thḗbās
Vocative Θῆβαι
Thêbai
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.
Derived terms
  • Θήβησι (Thḗbēsi)
  • Θήβαζε (Thḗbaze)
  • Θηβαῖος (Thēbaîos)
  • Θηβαγενής (Thēbagenḗs)
  • Θηβαϊκός (Thēbaïkós)
  • Θηβαΐς (Thēbaḯs)
Descendants
  • → Arabic: طِيبَة (ṭība)
  • → Basque: Tebas
  • → Breton: Thebai
  • → Bulgarian: Тива (Tiva)
  • → Catalan: Tebes
  • → Czech: Théby
  • → Danish: Theben
  • → Dutch: Thebe
  • → English: Thebes
  • → Esperanto: Tebo
  • → Estonian: Teeba
  • → Finnish: Theba
  • → French: Thèbes
  • → Galician: Tebas
  • → German: Theben
  • Greek: Θήβα (Thíva)
  • → Hebrew: תבאי
  • → Hungarian: Thébai
  • → Italian: Tebe
  • → Japanese: テーバイ (Tēbai)
  • → Korean: 테베 (tebe)
  • → Latin: Thebae
  • → Lithuanian: Tėbai
  • → Norwegian: Theben
  • → Polish: Teby
  • → Portuguese: Tebas
  • → Romanian: Teba
  • → Russian: Фи́вы (Fívy)
  • → Serbo-Croatian: Теба, Teba
  • → Slovak: Téby
  • → Slovene: Tebe
  • → Spanish: Tebas
  • → Swedish: Thebe
  • → Turkish: Tebai
  • → Welsh: Thebai

Etymology 2

From Egyptian Demotic tꜣ-jpy (literally “the temple”), with the second component from earlier Egyptian

O45 t
pr

(jpt, “(inner sanctum of) a temple”) (cf. jpt-swt and pꜣ-n-jpt).

Pronunciation
 

Proper noun

Θῆβαι • (Thêbai) f pl (genitive Θηβῶν); first declension

  1. Thebes, the name of a city in Upper Egypt (including today's Karnak and Luxor)
Inflection
First declension of αἱ Θῆβαι; τῶν Θηβῶν (Attic)
Case / # Plural
Nominative αἱ Θῆβαι
hai Thêbai
Genitive τῶν Θηβῶν
tôn Thēbôn
Dative ταῖς Θήβαις
taîs Thḗbais
Accusative τᾱ̀ς Θήβᾱς
tā̀s Thḗbās
Vocative Θῆβαι
Thêbai
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.
Alternative forms
  • Θήβη (Thḗbē)
Derived terms

See under Etymology 1 above.

Descendants

References
  • “Θῆβαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “Θῆβαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “Θῆβαι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
  • “Θῆβαι”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
  • Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,027

Further reading
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