Ζέφυρος
See also: ζέφυρος
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- ζέφυρος (zéphuros)
Etymology
Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀽𐁆𐀫 (ze-phu-ro), pointing to Proto-Hellenic *Dzépʰuros. Probably related to ζόφος (zóphos, “darkness, west”), both occasionally connected to Proto-Indo-European *(h₃)yebʰ- (“to cover > to copulate”) (whence οἴφω (oíphō)),[1][2] though either the reflex of the laryngeal in οἴφω (oíphō) or its loss from ζεφ- (zeph-) would be unexplained. More likely Pre-Greek in view of the suffix -υρ- (-ur-) and distant semantics, though Beekes is unsure.[3]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /zdé.pʰy.ros/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈze.pʰy.ros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈze.ɸy.ros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈze.fy.ros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈze.fi.ros/
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ Ζέφῠρος ho Zéphuros | ||||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ Ζεφῠ́ρου toû Zephúrou | ||||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ Ζεφῠ́ρῳ tôi Zephúrōi | ||||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν Ζέφῠρον tòn Zéphuron | ||||||||||||
| Vocative | Ζέφῠρε Zéphure | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
| Case / # | Singular | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | Ζέφῠρος Zéphuros | ||||||||||||
| Genitive | Ζεφῠ́ρου / Ζεφῠροῖο / Ζεφῠ́ροιο / Ζεφῠρόο / Ζεφῠ́ροο Zephúrou / Zephuroîo / Zephúroio / Zephuróo / Zephúroo | ||||||||||||
| Dative | Ζεφῠ́ρῳ Zephúrōi | ||||||||||||
| Accusative | Ζέφῠρον Zéphuron | ||||||||||||
| Vocative | Ζέφῠρε Zéphure | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- φῐλοζέφῠρος (philozéphuros)
Descendants
- → Greek: Ζέφυρος (Zéfyros), ζέφυρος (zéfyros) (learned)
- → Alemannic German: Zephyros
- → Azerbaijani: Zefir
- → Basque: Zefiro
- → Belarusian: Зефі́р (Zjefír), Зэфі́р (Zefír)
- → Breton: Zefyros
- → Bulgarian: Зефир (Zefir)
- → Chinese: 仄費羅斯／仄费罗斯
- → Czech: Zefyros
- → Danish: Zefyr
- → Dutch: Zephyros
- → English: Zephyr
- → Finnish: Zefyros
- → Georgian: ზეფიროსი (zepirosi)
- → German: Zephyr
- → Hebrew: זפירוס, זפיר
- → Hungarian: Zephürosz
- → Japanese: ゼピュロス (Zepyurosu)
- → Latin: zephyrus m (“the west wind”), Zephyrus (“Zephyrus”)
- → Lithuanian: Zefyras
- → Norwegian Nynorsk: Sefyros
- → Old Armenian: զեփիւռ (zepʻiwṙ)
- Armenian: զեփյուռ (zepʻyuṙ)
- → Persian: زفوروس
- → Polish: Zefir
- → Russian: Зефи́р (Zefír)
- → Chuvash: Зефир (Zefir)
- → Serbo-Croatian: Зефир / Zefir
- → Slovene: Zefir
- → Swedish: Zefyros
- → Ukrainian: Зефі́р (Zefír)
References
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*i̯ebʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 309
- Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2023) “*i̯ebʰ- → *h₃i̯ebʰ-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV², page 39
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ζέφυρος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 499
- “Ζέφυρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “Ζέφυρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- Ζέφυρος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- Ζέφυρος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- “Ζέφυρος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,029
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