šarrum

Akkadian

Etymology

From Proto-Semitic *śarār- (“to rule over”). Cognate with Biblical Hebrew שַׂר (śar, “ruler, captain, official”). Compare Persian (sar).

Pronunciation

(Old Babylonian) IPA^(key): /ˈʃar.rum/

Noun

šarrum m (construct state šar or šarri, pronominal state šarra, plural šarrū or šarrānū, feminine šarratum) (from Old Akkadian on)

king
𒈗 𒉿𒀀𒄠 𒅖𒆪𒉆 [šarrum piam iškunam] ― LUGAL pi-a-am iš-ku-nam ― The king gave me an order.

Alternative forms

šarru (non-mimated)
śarrum (Old Akkadian)

Cuneiform spellings
Logograms	Phonetic
𒈗 (LUGAL) 𒈗𒂊 (LUGAL.E) (Middle Babylonian, Neo-Babylonian) 𒎙 (MAN, 20) (mostly Middle Assyrian and Neo-Assyrian) 𒁈 (BARA₂) 𒐈𒎙 (3+20, 180+20, EŠŠANA) 𒄘𒃲 (GU₂.GAL) (once) 𒄑𒊷 (GIŠ.GIŠIMMAR)	𒊬𒊒𒌝 (šar-ru-um) 𒊬𒀸 (šar-rum) 𒊬𒊒 (šar-ru) 𒃻𒅈𒊒 (ša₂-ar-ru) 𒊬𒊏𒄠 (šar-ra-am) (accusative) 𒊬𒊑𒅎 (šar-ri-im) (genitive)

Derived terms

šarratum
šarrūtum

References

“šarru”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎, Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1956–2011
Black, Jeremy, George, Andrew, Postgate, Nicholas (2000) “šarru(m)”, in A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, 2nd corrected edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag

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