šamšum

Akkadian
𒌓 (šamšum)

Etymology

From Proto-Semitic *śamš- (“sun”). Cognate with Arabic شَمْس (šams) and Biblical Hebrew שֶׁמֶשׁ (šɛ́mɛš).

Pronunciation

Noun

šamšum m (construct state šamaš, plural šamšānu) (from Old Assyrian/Old Babylonian on)

  1. sun
    𒍢𒄿𒀉 𒀭𒌓𒅆𒅎 [ṣīt šamšim] ― ṣi-i-it dUTU-ši-im ― sunrise, east
    𒂊𒊑𒅁 𒀭𒌓𒅎 [ereb šamšim] ― e-re-eb dUTU-im ― sunset, west
    𒄿𒈾 𒌓𒈪𒅎 𒋗𒀀𒋾 𒄿𒈾𒉌 𒌓 𒌑𒌌 𒄿𒌅𒆷
    [ina ūmim šuāti īnāni šamšam ul iṭṭulā]
    i-na UD-mi-im šu-a-ti i-na-ni UD u₃-ul i-ṭu-la
    On that day our eyes did not see the sun.
  2. sunlight
  3. day
  4. sun disk

Alternative forms
Cuneiform spellings
Logograms Phonetic
  • 𒌓 (UTU, UD)
  • 𒀭𒌓 (dUTU, dUD)
  • 𒎙 (MAN, 20) (astronomy)
  • 𒀸𒈨 (AŠ.ME) (astronomy)
  • 𒊭𒄠𒋗𒌝 (ša-am-šu-um)
  • 𒊭𒄠𒋗 (ša-am-šu)
  • 𒌑𒋳 (šam-šum)
  • 𒌑𒋗 (šam-šu)
  • 𒊓𒄠𒋢𒌝 (śa-am-śu-um) (Old Akkadian)

Derived terms

References
  • “šamšu”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎, Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1956–2011
  • Black, Jeremy, George, Andrew, Postgate, Nicholas (2000) “šamšu(m)”, in A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, 2nd corrected edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag
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