šꜣꜥ

Egyptian

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ʃaˈʀaʕ/ → /ʃaˈʀaʕ/ → /ʃəˈaʕ/ → /ʃaʕ/

Verb
SAAa
Y1

 3-lit.

  1. (transitive) to start, to begin

Inflection
Conjugation of šꜣꜥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: šꜣꜥ, geminated stem: šꜣꜥꜥ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
šꜣꜥ
 šꜣꜥw, šꜣꜥ
 šꜣꜥt
 šꜣꜥ
 šꜣꜥ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
šꜣꜥ
 ḥr šꜣꜥ
 m šꜣꜥ
 r šꜣꜥ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect šꜣꜥ.n
 šꜣꜥw, šꜣꜥ
 consecutive šꜣꜥ.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative šꜣꜥt
perfective3 šꜣꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 šꜣꜥ.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective šꜣꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 šꜣꜥ
 šꜣꜥꜥ
 potentialis1 šꜣꜥ.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive šꜣꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect šꜣꜥ.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective šꜣꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 šꜣꜥ
 šꜣꜥ, šꜣꜥw5, šꜣꜥy5
imperfective šꜣꜥ, šꜣꜥy, šꜣꜥw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 šꜣꜥ, šꜣꜥj6, šꜣꜥy6
 šꜣꜥ, šꜣꜥw5
prospective šꜣꜥ, šꜣꜥtj7
 — šꜣꜥtj4, šꜣꜥt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Derived terms

References
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 171.
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