ísť
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ist"
Slovak
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-. Cognate with English exit, adit, and Latin eō (“to go”). Probably, the infinitive was reshaped after Proto-Slavic *sěsti (to sit).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [iːsc]
Usage notes
- When a prefix ending with a vowel is attached to ísť, the initial í- changes to j- and the final vowel often becomes long or diphthongised, e.g. in nejsť (the negative form), prejsť (“to cross”), zájsť (“to go”), dôjsť (“to arrive”), etc. If the prefix ends with -i, the initial vowel is completely assimilated: prísť (“to come”) (pri- + ísť).
- The l-participle (used for forming the past and the conditional) has two completely interchangable forms: 1) šiel, šla, šlo, šli or 2) išiel, išla, išlo, išli. Compounds of ísť use the shorter form with the short form of the prefix (e.g. došiel < dôjsť (“to arrive”)).
Conjugation
Conjugation of ísť (irregular)
| infinitive | ísť | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present active participle | idúci | |||||
| past active participle | — | |||||
| passive participle | idený | |||||
| l-participle (m./f./n./pl.) | išiel, išla, išlo, išli | |||||
| transgressive | idúc | |||||
| gerund | idenie | |||||
| indicative | singular | plural | ||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| present | idem | ideš | ide | ideme | idete | idú |
| past (m./f./n.) | išiel som išla som išlo som |
išiel si išla si išlo si |
išiel išla išlo |
išli sme | išli ste | išli |
| past perfect (m./f./n.) | bol som išiel bola som išla bolo som išlo |
bol si išiel bola si išla bolo si išlo |
bol išiel bola išla bolo išlo |
boli sme išli | boli ste išli | boli išli |
| future | pôjdem | pôjdeš | pôjde | pôjdeme | pôjdete | pôjdu |
| conditional | singular | plural | ||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| present (m./f./n.) | išiel by som išla by som išlo by som |
išiel by si išla by si išlo by si |
išiel by išla by išlo by |
išli by sme | išli by ste | išli by |
| past (m./f./n.) | bol by som išiel bola by som išla bolo by som išlo |
bol by si išiel bola by si išla bolo by si išlo |
bol by išiel bola by išla bolo by išlo |
boli by sme išli | boli by ste išli | boli by išli |
| imperative | singular | plural | ||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| present | — | iď | — | iďme | iďte | — |
Further reading
- “ísť”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
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