étudier
See also: êtudier
French
Etymology
From Middle French estudier, from Old French estudier.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /e.ty.dje/
audio (file)
Verb
étudier
- to study
- 1881, author uncertain, Lyon Médical, page 564:
- Les premiers auteurs qui ont étudié ce phénomène, Taupin, Piorry, Hourmann (Revue médicale française et étrangère, juillet 1839), qui lui a donné le nom d’autophonie, Hornemann, ont eu le tort, d’après l’auteur, de donner à ce signe une signification symptomatique trop étendue, et de créer des variétés purement artificielles, en admettant l’autophonie normale, ægophonique, bronchophonique, etc.
- The first authors who studied this phenomenon, Taupin, Piorry, Hourmann (Revue médicale française et étrangère, July 1839), who gave it the name of autophony, Hornemann, had the mistake, according to the author, of giving this sign a symptomatic meaning that was too broad, and of creating purely artificial varieties, by admitting normal autophony, ægophonic, bronchophonic, etc.
Conjugation
Conjugation of étudier (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | étudier | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | étudiant /e.ty.djɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | étudié /e.ty.dje/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | étudie /e.ty.di/ |
étudies /e.ty.di/ |
étudie /e.ty.di/ |
étudions /e.ty.djɔ̃/ |
étudiez /e.ty.dje/ |
étudient /e.ty.di/ |
| imperfect | étudiais /e.ty.djɛ/ |
étudiais /e.ty.djɛ/ |
étudiait /e.ty.djɛ/ |
étudiions /e.ty.di.jɔ̃/ |
étudiiez /e.ty.di.je/ |
étudiaient /e.ty.djɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | étudiai /e.ty.dje/ |
étudias /e.ty.dja/ |
étudia /e.ty.dja/ |
étudiâmes /e.ty.djam/ |
étudiâtes /e.ty.djat/ |
étudièrent /e.ty.djɛʁ/ | |
| future | étudierai /e.ty.di.ʁe/ |
étudieras /e.ty.di.ʁa/ |
étudiera /e.ty.di.ʁa/ |
étudierons /e.ty.di.ʁɔ̃/ |
étudierez /e.ty.di.ʁe/ |
étudieront /e.ty.di.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | étudierais /e.ty.di.ʁɛ/ |
étudierais /e.ty.di.ʁɛ/ |
étudierait /e.ty.di.ʁɛ/ |
étudierions /e.ty.di.ʁjɔ̃/ |
étudieriez /e.ty.di.ʁje/ |
étudieraient /e.ty.di.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | étudie /e.ty.di/ |
étudies /e.ty.di/ |
étudie /e.ty.di/ |
étudiions /e.ty.di.jɔ̃/ |
étudiiez /e.ty.di.je/ |
étudient /e.ty.di/ |
| imperfect2 | étudiasse /e.ty.djas/ |
étudiasses /e.ty.djas/ |
étudiât /e.ty.dja/ |
étudiassions /e.ty.dja.sjɔ̃/ |
étudiassiez /e.ty.dja.sje/ |
étudiassent /e.ty.djas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | étudie /e.ty.di/ |
— | étudions /e.ty.djɔ̃/ |
étudiez /e.ty.dje/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “étudier”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
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