étouper
French
Etymology
Recorded in Old French as estoper, estuper. From Vulgar Latin *stuppāre, from Latin stuppa. Equivalent to étoupe + -er. Compare Occitan estopar, Italian stoppare, Old Spanish estopar; cf. also Romanian astupa, Romansh stuppar, Venetian stupar, Sicilian stuppari.
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Conjugation
Conjugation of étouper (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | étouper | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | étoupant /e.tu.pɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | étoupé /e.tu.pe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | étoupe /e.tup/ |
étoupes /e.tup/ |
étoupe /e.tup/ |
étoupons /e.tu.pɔ̃/ |
étoupez /e.tu.pe/ |
étoupent /e.tup/ |
| imperfect | étoupais /e.tu.pɛ/ |
étoupais /e.tu.pɛ/ |
étoupait /e.tu.pɛ/ |
étoupions /e.tu.pjɔ̃/ |
étoupiez /e.tu.pje/ |
étoupaient /e.tu.pɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | étoupai /e.tu.pe/ |
étoupas /e.tu.pa/ |
étoupa /e.tu.pa/ |
étoupâmes /e.tu.pam/ |
étoupâtes /e.tu.pat/ |
étoupèrent /e.tu.pɛʁ/ | |
| future | étouperai /e.tu.pʁe/ |
étouperas /e.tu.pʁa/ |
étoupera /e.tu.pʁa/ |
étouperons /e.tu.pʁɔ̃/ |
étouperez /e.tu.pʁe/ |
étouperont /e.tu.pʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | étouperais /e.tu.pʁɛ/ |
étouperais /e.tu.pʁɛ/ |
étouperait /e.tu.pʁɛ/ |
étouperions /e.tu.pə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
étouperiez /e.tu.pə.ʁje/ |
étouperaient /e.tu.pʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | étoupe /e.tup/ |
étoupes /e.tup/ |
étoupe /e.tup/ |
étoupions /e.tu.pjɔ̃/ |
étoupiez /e.tu.pje/ |
étoupent /e.tup/ |
| imperfect2 | étoupasse /e.tu.pas/ |
étoupasses /e.tu.pas/ |
étoupât /e.tu.pa/ |
étoupassions /e.tu.pa.sjɔ̃/ |
étoupassiez /e.tu.pa.sje/ |
étoupassent /e.tu.pas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | étoupe /e.tup/ |
— | étoupons /e.tu.pɔ̃/ |
étoupez /e.tu.pe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “étouper”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
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