árpa
Hungarian
Etymology
Borrowed from a Turkic language before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries), from Proto-Turkic *arpa. The sense “bacterial infection of the eye” is perhaps a calque of scientific Latin hordeolum (“stye”), from Latin hordeolus.[1][2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈaːrpɒ]
- Hyphenation: ár‧pa
- Rhymes: -pɒ
Noun
árpa (plural árpák)
Declension
| Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | árpa | árpák |
| accusative | árpát | árpákat |
| dative | árpának | árpáknak |
| instrumental | árpával | árpákkal |
| causal-final | árpáért | árpákért |
| translative | árpává | árpákká |
| terminative | árpáig | árpákig |
| essive-formal | árpaként | árpákként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | árpában | árpákban |
| superessive | árpán | árpákon |
| adessive | árpánál | árpáknál |
| illative | árpába | árpákba |
| sublative | árpára | árpákra |
| allative | árpához | árpákhoz |
| elative | árpából | árpákból |
| delative | árpáról | árpákról |
| ablative | árpától | árpáktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
árpáé | árpáké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
árpáéi | árpákéi |
| Possessive forms of árpa | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | árpám | árpáim |
| 2nd person sing. | árpád | árpáid |
| 3rd person sing. | árpája | árpái |
| 1st person plural | árpánk | árpáink |
| 2nd person plural | árpátok | árpáitok |
| 3rd person plural | árpájuk | árpáik |
References
- árpa in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- árpa in Tótfalusi, István. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár (’Hungarian Comprehensive Dictionary of Etymology’). Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001; Arcanum DVD Könyvtár →ISBN
Further reading
- árpa in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- árpa in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
Northern Sami
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- (Kautokeino) IPA(key): /ˈaːrːpa/
Inflection
| Even a-stem, rp-rpp gradation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | árpa | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | árppa | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Singular | Plural | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Nominative | árpa | árppat | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Accusative | árppa | árppaid | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | árppa | árppaid | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Illative | árpii | árppaide | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Locative | árppas | árppain | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Comitative | árppain | árppaiguin | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Essive | árpan | |||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
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