áith

See also: aith-

Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Irish áith f (“drying-kiln (for grain)”), from Proto-Celtic *ātis, from the same root as *h₂eh₁ter- (“fire”) (compare Latin āter).[2]

Noun

áith f (genitive singular áithe, nominative plural áitheanna or áithí)

  1. kiln
    • 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart, volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 14:
      ńīl ēn ā sn̥ ilān šə, ax tā mōrān akəb ə gonəmárə.
      [Níl aon áith san oileán seo, ach tá mórán acu i gConamara.]
      There’s no kiln on this island, but there are a lot of them in Connemara.
    • 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart, volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 14:
      tā n ā ʒā l̄oskə.
      [Tá an áith dhá loscadh.]
      The kiln is burning.
Declension
Declension of áith

Second declension

Bare forms

Case Singular Plural
Nominative áith áitheanna
Vocative a áith a áitheanna
Genitive áithe áitheanna
Dative áith áitheanna

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an áith na háitheanna
Genitive na háithe na n-áitheanna
Dative leis an áith

don áith

 leis na háitheanna
Derived terms
  • áith allais f (“sweat-house”)
  • áith aoil f (“lime-kiln”)
  • áith choirce f (“corn-kiln”)
  • áitheadóir m (“kiln worker”)

Etymology 2

From Old Irish áith (“sharp, keen, acute”).[3]

Adjective

áith

  1. (literary) sharp, keen
Declension
Declension of áith
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative áith áith áithe
Vocative áith áithe
Genitive áithe áithe áith
Dative áith áith áithe
Comparative níos áithe
Superlative is áithe

Mutation
Irish mutation
RadicalEclipsiswith h-prothesiswith t-prothesis
áith n-áith háith not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 57
  2. G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 áith (‘drying kiln’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  3. G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 áith (‘sharp, keen’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading

Old Irish
FWOTD – 7 April 2024

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [aːθʲ]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *atti-, ultimately from the root of aiteann (“gorse”).

Adjective

áith (equative áthithir, comparative áithiu, superlative áithem)

  1. sharp
    • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 72b8
      amal in scrissid .i. amal in n-altain n-áith [translating rasorium acutum].
      Like the scraper, i.e. like the sharp razor.
Inflection
i-stem
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative áith áith áith
Vocative áith
Accusative áith áith
Genitive áith áithe áith
Dative áith áith áith
Plural Masculine Feminine/neuter
Nominative áithi áithi
Vocative áithi
Accusative áithi
Genitive áith*
áithe
Dative áithib
Notes *not when substantivized
Descendants
  • Middle Irish: áith

Etymology 2

From Proto-Celtic *ātis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₁-.[1]

Noun

áith f (genitive átho)

  1. drying-kiln for grains
Inflection
Feminine i-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative áith áithL áthaiH
Vocative áith áithL áthaiH
Accusative áithN áithL áthaiH
Genitive áthoH, áthaH áthoH, áthaH áthaeN
Dative áithL áthaib áthaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization
Descendants

Mutation
Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
áith unchanged n-áith
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*āti-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 45

Further reading

Rohingya

Numeral

áith

  1. sixty
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