< Motivation and emotion < Tutorials

Tutorial 08: Measuring emotion

Resource type: this resource contains a tutorial or tutorial notes.

This is the eighth tutorial for the Motivation and emotion unit of study.

Overview

  • This tutorial discusses measurement of emotion, with a focus on the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), a common measure of emotion used in research

Measuring emotion

Commonly used, general measures of emotion used in non-clinical research are:

PANAS

Complete the PANAS

Complete the 20-item Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson & Clark, 1999):

  1. PANAS-20 (Google Form)
  2. Hard-copy handout

PANAS-20 items and factors

Table 2

PANAS-20 Positive and Negative Affect Items

Positive affect Negative affect
Active Afraid
Alert Ashamed
Attentive Distressed
Determined Guilty
Enthusiastic Hostile
Excited Irritable
Inspired Jittery
Interested Nervous
Proud Scared
Strong Upset

Examine distributions

Examine class distributions of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) composite score means (see Table 2)

Table 2

PANAS-20 Positive and Negative Affect Norms

Source PA NA
Watson et al. (1988) 29.7 14.8
Watson & Clark (1994) 35.7 19.5
Motivation & emotion (2000) 34.2 24.6

Discuss

  1. Temporal framing
  2. Correlation between PA and NA
  3. Test-retest reliability
  4. Short vs. long (PANAS-X)

Book chapter development

  1. Topic development feedback
    1. See chapter discussion page
    2. Address the topic (sub-title question)
    3. Avoid too much background information; focus directly on the topic; cut to the chase
    4. Consider introducing a case study or example to catch reader interest in the Overview
    5. Ensure coverage of theory and research; then good quality written expression; then the bells and whistles e.g., links, examples/case studies, feature boxes, quizzes etc.
    6. Reference formatting: use APA 7th ed - infographic
  2. Feature boxes: Pretty boxes or copy code from an existing chapter
  3. Quizzes
  4. Word count (Google Chrome add-on)

Recording

See also

References

Thompson, E. R. (2007). Development and validation of an internationally reliable short-form of the positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS). Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 38(2), 227-242. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022106297301

Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1999). The PANAS-X: Manual for the positive and negative affect schedule-expanded form.

Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063.

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