Single Diacritical marks
- Fatha فَتحة
Fatha Diac
the same of the light /A/ English sound ; it's written above the letter
- Dhama ضَمّة
Dhama diac.
the same of the light /U/ English sound ; it's written above the letter
- Kasra كَسرة
Kasra Diac.
the same of the light /I/ English sound ; it's written under the letter
Examples
ذَهَبَ = /Dahaba/ Went (verb)
يُسافِرُ = /Yusafiru/ Travels(verb)
إِقرأ = /Iqra'/ Read(verb)
وَردة = /Warda/ Flower(name)
عُلوم = /Uoloom/ Sciences(name)
كِتاب = /Kitab/ Book(name)
Double Diacritical marks (Nunation or Tanwen)
lies at the end of the word By Doubling the last diacritical of the word, representing a silent N(Noon).
Mainly added to the adjectives and Nouns for many purposes therefore, there are too many types of Tanween ,The main use of it is to define the 'undefined'(Nakira) word
- Tanwenul Fath تَنوينُ الفَتحْ
How to write Tanwenul Fath
the same of the /AN/ sound ; it's written above the letter
- Tanwenul Dhamتَنوينُ الضَمْ
How to write Tanwenul Dham
the same of the /UN/ sound ; it's written above the letter
- Tanwenul Kasrتَنوينُ الكَسرْ
How to write Tanwenul Kasr
the same of the /IN/ sound ; it's written under the letter
Examples
أيضاً = /AydhAN/ Also(name)
قَلِيلاً = /QaleelAN/ Little(adv.)
مَّغْفِرَةٌ = /MaghfiratUN/ Forgiveness (adj.)
عَظِيمٌ = /Aَ Dَ eemUN/ Great(adj.)
سُرُرٍ = /SururIN/ Beds(name)
شَيْءٍ = /Shay'IN/ Thing(name)
Another Diacritical marks
- Shadda شَدّة
Emphasis the letter (strongly pronouncing the letter like if it is two letters);
it's written above the letter and can be mixed with the main 3 Diacriticals (Fatha, Dhama and Kasra)
- Sukon سُكون
Means there is no Diacritical on the letter, written above the letter as a small circle
- Maddaمَدّة
Comes above the Alif Letter , pronounced as 'A
Examples
جَنَّة = /Djanna/Paradise(name)
سَبِّحْ =/Sabbih/Praise(verb)
قُلْ = /Qul/ Say(verb)
إقْطَعْ = /Iqta'/Cut(verb)
آباء = /'Aba'/ Fathers(name)
آدم = /'Adam/ Adam(name)