< Latin
This list is classified by part of speech.
First Declension Nouns
| Case | Sing | Plural | Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | terra | terrae | Subject |
| Genitive | terrae | terrarum | of; possesive |
| Dative | terrae | terris | to; indirect object |
| Accusative | terram | terrās | object |
| Ablative | terrā | terris | by / with; indirect object |
| Latin | Audio (classical) | Audio (Ecclesiastical) | English | Wiktionary link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| agricola, ae (m.) | farmer | Wiktionary | ||
| amita, ae | aunt (father’s sister) | Wiktionary | ||
| aqua, aquae | water | Wiktionary | ||
| aranea, ae | spider | Wiktionary | ||
| arca, ae | box, chest | Wiktionary | ||
| autobirota, ae (motobirota, ae) | motorcycle | Wiktionary | ||
| avia, ae | grandmother | Wiktionary | ||
| bestia, ae | beast, wild animal | Wiktionary | ||
| bibliotheca, ae | library | Wiktionary | ||
| birota, ae | bicycle | Wiktionary | ||
| bracae, arum (pl.) | trousers, breeches, pants | Wiktionary | ||
| bracae linteae caeruleae | blue jeans | |||
| brevissimae bracae | shorts | |||
| bubula, ae | beef | Wiktionary | ||
| caepa, ae | onion | Wiktionary | ||
| cafea, cafeae | coffee | Wiktionary | ||
| caliga, ae | boot (worn by soldiers) | Wiktionary | ||
| camera, ae | room, chamber (traditionally, with an arched ceiling) | Wiktionary | ||
| carota, ae | carrot | Wiktionary | ||
| casa, ae | cottage, small house | Wiktionary | ||
| cathedra, ae | chair, armchair, upholstered chair | Wiktionary | ||
| caupona, ae | restaurant, inn, tavern (or the landlady who keeps it) | Wiktionary | ||
| cella, ae | room, storeroom | Wiktionary | ||
| cena, ae | dinner | Wiktionary | ||
| cerva, ae | deer | Wiktionary | ||
| cervisia, ae | beer | Wiktionary | ||
| charta, ae | paper, sheet of paper | Wiktionary | ||
| cista, ae (capsa, ae) | box (we already know arca, ae, which usually refers to a chest or large box for storage) | Wiktionary | ||
| cithara, ae | guitar, lute, lyre | Wiktionary | ||
| claviatura, ae (plectrologium, i) | keyboard (of a computer, etc.) | Wiktionary | ||
| consobrina, ae | (female) cousin (on mother’s side) (strictly, mother’s sister’s child) | Wiktionary | ||
| corona, ae | crown | Wiktionary | ||
| culina, ae | kitchen | Wiktionary | ||
| epistula, ae | letter, epistle | Wiktionary | ||
| faba, ae | bean | Wiktionary | ||
| fabrica, ae | workshop, factory | Wiktionary | ||
| familia, ae | family | Wiktionary | ||
| farina, ae | flour, meal | Wiktionary | ||
| fenestra, ae | window | Wiktionary | ||
| femina, feminae | woman | Wiktionary | ||
| filia, ae | daughter | Wiktionary | ||
| formica, ae | ant | Wiktionary | ||
| fossa, ae | ditch, trench | Wiktionary | ||
| furca, ae | fork | Wiktionary | ||
| Gallia, ae | Gaul, or France depending on historical context | Wiktionary | ||
| gemma, ae | jewel, gem | Wiktionary | ||
| gratiae, gratiarum (pl.) | thanks | Wiktionary | ||
| gunna, ae | skirt | Wiktionary | ||
| herba, ae | grass, herb | Wiktionary | ||
| hora, ae | hour, (time, season) | Wiktionary | ||
| injuria, ae | injury, injustice, wrong | Wiktionary | ||
| insula, ae | island, apartment building | Wiktionary | ||
| Kalendae, Kalendarum (pl.) | the Kalends, the first day of every month | Wiktionary | ||
| lana, ae | wool | Wiktionary | ||
| lingua, ae | language (lingua Latina) | Wiktionary | ||
| littera, ae | letter (of the alphabet) | Wiktionary | ||
| litterae, arum | (plural) a letter or dispatch; literature | Wiktionary | ||
| Lucia, Luciae | Lucia, Lucy | Wiktionary | ||
| magistra, ae | teacher (female) | Wiktionary | ||
| matertera, ae | aunt (mother’s sister) | Wiktionary | ||
| memoria, ae | memory | Wiktionary | ||
| mensa, ae | table | Wiktionary | ||
| musca, ae | fly | Wiktionary | ||
| nauta, ae (m.) | sailor | Wiktionary | ||
| Nonae, Nonarum (pl.) | the Nones, the 7th day of March, May, July, October, and the 5th of all other months | Wiktionary | ||
| novacula, ae | razor | Wiktionary | ||
| nuptiae, arum | wedding, marriage, nuptials (used in plural) | Wiktionary | ||
| olla, ae | pot, jar | Wiktionary | ||
| oryza, ae | rice | Wiktionary | ||
| palla, ae | shawl, cloak (usually for women, worn outdoors) | Wiktionary | ||
| patella, ae | dish, plate | Wiktionary | ||
| patina, ae | a dish, serving dish (usually larger than a patella) | Wiktionary | ||
| patria, ae | fatherland, native country | Wiktionary | ||
| Paula, Paulae | Paula | Wiktionary | ||
| pecunia, ae | money | Wiktionary | ||
| pila, ae | ball | Wiktionary | ||
| pirata, ae (m.) | pirate | Wiktionary | ||
| poeta, ae (m.) | poet | Wiktionary | ||
| porcina, ae | pork | Wiktionary | ||
| prima mensa | the main course of a Roman dinner | |||
| puella, puellae | girl | Wiktionary | ||
| pugna, ae | fight, battle | Wiktionary | ||
| raeda, ae (autocinetum, i) | car | Wiktionary | ||
| regina, ae | queen | Wiktionary | ||
| rosa, ae | rose | Wiktionary | ||
| rota, ae | wheel | Wiktionary | ||
| scalae, arum (pl.) | staircase, ladder | Wiktionary | ||
| schola, ae | school | Wiktionary | ||
| secunda mensa | dessert | |||
| sella, ae | chair, stool | Wiktionary | ||
| silva, ae | forest, woods (frequently used in the plural) | Wiktionary | ||
| simia, ae | monkey, ape | Wiktionary | ||
| solea, ae | sandal, slipper | Wiktionary | ||
| stola, ae | (woman’s) dress, robe | Wiktionary | ||
| taberna, ae | shop, storefront | Wiktionary | ||
| tabula, ae | menu (also writing tablet, list, chart, placard, etc.) | Wiktionary | ||
| tapeta, ae | carpet, tapestry | Wiktionary | ||
| terra, ae | land, earth | Wiktionary | ||
| thea, theae | tea | Wiktionary | ||
| toga, ae | toga | Wiktionary | ||
| tunica, ae | tunic, shirt (modern) | Wiktionary | ||
| tunica manicata | jacket, fitted coat (with long sleeves) | |||
| tunicula, ae | t-shirt | Wiktionary | ||
| ursa, ae | bear | Wiktionary | ||
| uva, ae | grape, bunch of grapes | Wiktionary | ||
| vacca, ae | cow | Wiktionary | ||
| via, ae | road, way | Wiktionary | ||
| villa, ae | house, farmhouse, country house | Wiktionary | ||
| violina, ae | violin | Wiktionary |
Second Declension Nouns
Masculine
– endings in -us or -r; amicus, amici, amico, amicum, amico | amici, amicorum, amicis, amicos, amicis
| Latin | Audio (classical) | Audio (Ecclesiastical) | English | Wiktionary link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| advocatus, i | lawyer, advocate | Wiktionary | ||
| ager, agri | field | Wiktionary | ||
| amicus, i | friend | Wiktionary | ||
| annus, i | year | Wiktionary | ||
| architectus, i m. (architecta, ae f.) | master-builder, architect | Wiktionary | ||
| autumnus, i | autumn, fall | Wiktionary | ||
| avunculus, i | uncle (mother’s brother) | Wiktionary | ||
| avus, i | grandfather | Wiktionary | ||
| calceus, i | shoe, half-boot | Wiktionary | ||
| cancer, cancri | crab | Wiktionary | ||
| capillus, i | hair (sometimes used in plural) | Wiktionary | ||
| caseus, i | cheese | Wiktionary | ||
| cattus, i | cat (not used as frequently as feles) | Wiktionary | ||
| catillus, i (patella, ae) | a small dish | Wiktionary | ||
| cervus, i | deer, stag | Wiktionary | ||
| cibus, i | food | Wiktionary | ||
| consobrinus, i | (male) cousin (on mother’s side) (strictly, mother’s sister’s child) | Wiktionary | ||
| coquus, i | cook | Wiktionary | ||
| culter, cultri | knife | Wiktionary | ||
| cuniculus, i | rabbit | Wiktionary | ||
| delphinus, i | dolphin | Wiktionary | ||
| digitus, i | finger, toe | Wiktionary | ||
| discipulus, i | student | Wiktionary | ||
| dominus, i | lord, master, owner | Wiktionary | ||
| elephantus, i | elephant | Wiktionary | ||
| equus, i | horse | Wiktionary | ||
| faber, fabri (artifex, artificis)(opifex, opificis)(operarius, i) | builder, smith, carpenter, workman, craftsman | Wiktionary | ||
| filius, i | son | Wiktionary | ||
| focus, i | fireplace, hearth, stove | Wiktionary | ||
| furnus, i | oven | Wiktionary | ||
| Gaius, Gaii (Gai in some sources) | Gaius, common Roman male first name | Wiktionary | ||
| gladius, i | sword | Wiktionary | ||
| hortus, i | garden | Wiktionary | ||
| humus, i (f.) (loc. humi) | ground, earth, soil | Wiktionary | ||
| ingeniarius, i (also machinator, machinatoris) | engineer | Wiktionary | ||
| lectus, i | bed, couch | Wiktionary | ||
| liber, libri | book | Wiktionary | ||
| liberi, liberorum (m. pl.) | children | Wiktionary | ||
| locus, loci (2nd decl. m. in singular, neuter in pl.) | place | Wiktionary | ||
| ludus, i | game, school | Wiktionary | ||
| lupus, i | wolf | Wiktionary | ||
| magister, magistri | teacher, master (male) | Wiktionary | ||
| Marcus, Marci | Marcus, common Roman male first name; Mark | Wiktionary | ||
| maritus, i | husband | Wiktionary | ||
| medicus, i | doctor | Wiktionary | ||
| minister, ministri (ministra, ae f.) | waiter, attendant, server | Wiktionary | ||
| murus, i | wall | Wiktionary | ||
| nasus, i | nose | Wiktionary | ||
| numerus, i | number | Wiktionary | ||
| nummus, i | coin, unit of money | Wiktionary | ||
| nuntius, i | messenger, message, reporter, or in plural the news: nuntii latini | Wiktionary | ||
| oculus, i | eye | Wiktionary | ||
| patruus, i | uncle (father’s brother) | Wiktionary | ||
| petasus, i cap | hat pilleus, i | Wiktionary | ||
| populus, i | nation, a people (usually singular) | Wiktionary | ||
| porcus, i | pig | Wiktionary | ||
| proximus, i | neighbor | Wiktionary | ||
| puer, pueri | boy | Wiktionary | ||
| pullus, i | chicken | Wiktionary | ||
| Romanus, i | a Roman (m.) | Wiktionary | ||
| sacculus, i | purse, money bag, small bag | Wiktionary | ||
| scientificus, i (homo scientiae) | scientist, man of science | Wiktionary | ||
| servus, i | slave, servant | Wiktionary | ||
| signifer, signiferi | standard-bearer | Wiktionary | ||
| sūcus, i | juice | Wiktionary | ||
| tabernarius, ii (caupona, ae)(cauponarius, ii) | shopkeeper | Wiktionary | ||
| talus, i | ankle | Wiktionary | ||
| taurus, i | bull | Wiktionary | ||
| thesaurus, i | treasure | Wiktionary | ||
| umerus, i (humerus in late Latin) | shoulder, upper arm | Wiktionary | ||
| ursus, i | bear | Wiktionary | ||
| vir, viri | man | Wiktionary | ||
neuter
– endings in –um; donum, doni, dono, donum, dono | dona, donorum, donis, dona, donis
| Latin | Audio (classical) | Audio (Ecclesiastical) | English | Wiktionary link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| acetaria, orum (pl.) | salad, greens dressed with vinegar | Wiktionary | ||
| aedificium, i | building | Wiktionary | ||
| aeroplanum, i (also aeronavis, is) | airplane | Wiktionary | ||
| atrium, i | reception hall, living room, gathering room, great room | Wiktionary | ||
| auxilium, i | help, aid | Wiktionary | ||
| balneum, i | bath, bathroom | Wiktionary | ||
| balneum pensile | shower (literally “hanging bath”) | |||
| bellum, i | war | Wiktionary | ||
| bracchium, i (brachium) | arm | Wiktionary | ||
| caelum, i | sky, heaven | Wiktionary | ||
| calendarium, i (kalendarium, i/ fasti, orum) | calendar, account book (debts were payable on the Kalends or first day of every month; fasti refers to days when official business was conducted) | Wiktionary | ||
| capitilavium, i | shampoo | Wiktionary | ||
| castra, castrorum (used in plural) | camp | Wiktionary | ||
| chocolatum, i | chocolate | Wiktionary | ||
| cingulum, i | belt, girdle | Wiktionary | ||
| clavichordum, i (clavile, is (n.)) | piano (or other keyboard instrument) | Wiktionary | ||
| collum, i (cervix, cervicis, m.) | neck | Wiktionary | ||
| computatrum, i (instrumentum computatorium) | computer | Wiktionary | ||
| consilium, i | plan, counsel, advice | Wiktionary | ||
| crustulum, i | cookie | Wiktionary | ||
| cubiculum, i | bedroom, sleeping chamber | Wiktionary | ||
| cubitum, i | elbow | Wiktionary | ||
| debitum, i | debt | Wiktionary | ||
| dentifricium, i | toothpaste | Wiktionary | ||
| diarium, diarii | newspaper, journal | Wiktionary | ||
| donum, i | gift | Wiktionary | ||
| dulciolum, i | candy, a sweet | Wiktionary | ||
| forum, i | forum, marketplace, public square, court | Wiktionary | ||
| fragum, i | strawberry | Wiktionary | ||
| frigidarium, i | refrigerator, cold room (of public baths) | Wiktionary | ||
| frumentum, i | grain (used in the plural to mean “crops”) | Wiktionary | ||
| garum, i | fish sauce (also known as liquamen, a popular condiment in ancient Rome) | Wiktionary | ||
| horologium, i | clock, watch | Wiktionary | ||
| ientaculum, i | breakfast | Wiktionary | ||
| impluvium, i | rainwater pool (in atrium of traditional domus) | Wiktionary | ||
| insectum, i | insect | Wiktionary | ||
| involucrum, i | envelope, wrapping, cover | Wiktionary | ||
| labellum, i | basin, sink | Wiktionary | ||
| linteum, i | sheet (or any linen cloth, a sail, an awning or curtain) | Wiktionary | ||
| linum, i | linen, flax | Wiktionary | ||
| maenianum, i | balcony | Wiktionary | ||
| malum, mali | apple | Wiktionary | ||
| matrimonium, i | marriage, wedding | Wiktionary | ||
| negotium, ii | business, occupation (literally “no leisure”) | Wiktionary | ||
| officium, i | office, service, duty | Wiktionary | ||
| oleum, i | oil | Wiktionary | ||
| oppidum, i | town | Wiktionary | ||
| ostium, i (janua, ae) | door, entrance | Wiktionary | ||
| otium, ii | leisure, pleasure | Wiktionary | ||
| ovum, i | egg | Wiktionary | ||
| pallium, i | cloak, outer garment | Wiktionary | ||
| paludamentum, i | military cloak, commonly worn by generals | Wiktionary | ||
| periculum, i | danger | Wiktionary | ||
| pirum, i | pear | Wiktionary | ||
| pittacium, i | stamp, label, ticket | Wiktionary | ||
| poculum, i | drinking cup, bowl | Wiktionary | ||
| prandium, i | lunch (late breakfast, brunch) | Wiktionary | ||
| pretium, i | price | Wiktionary | ||
| proelium, i | battle | Wiktionary | ||
| regnum, i | kingdom | Wiktionary | ||
| responsum, i | answer | Wiktionary | ||
| saccharum, sacchari | sugar | Wiktionary | ||
| sagum, i | short cloak, commonly worn by soldiers | Wiktionary | ||
| scrinium, i | desk | Wiktionary | ||
| signum, i | sign, standard | Wiktionary | ||
| speculum, i | mirror | Wiktionary | ||
| solum, i | floor, foundation, soil, ground, bottom | Wiktionary | ||
| subligaculum, i | underwear, underpants, loincloth | Wiktionary | ||
| tablinum, i | office, study | Wiktionary | ||
| tectum, i | roof, ceiling | Wiktionary | ||
| telephonum, i | telephone | Wiktionary | ||
| televisorium, i | television set | Wiktionary | ||
| tergum, i | back | Wiktionary | ||
| thermopolium, i | take-out restaurant, cafe, deli counter, fast food place | Wiktionary | ||
| triclinium, i | dining room | Wiktionary | ||
| vallum, i | wall, rampart, palisade wall | Wiktionary | ||
| vehiculum, i | vehicle | Wiktionary | ||
| ventilatrum, i | fan | Wiktionary | ||
| verbum, i | word | Wiktionary | ||
| vestimentum, i | garment, article of clothing, clothes (in pl.) | Wiktionary | ||
| vexillum, i | flag | Wiktionary | ||
| vinum, i | wine | Wiktionary | ||
| vivarium, i | zoo, animal habitat, game preserve | Wiktionary |
Third Declension Nouns
Masculine / feminine
declined regularly (lex, legis, legi, legem, lege| leges, legum, legibus, leges, legibus)
| Latin | Audio (classical) | Audio (Ecclesiastical) | English | Wiktionary link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aestas, aestatis (f.) | summer | Wiktionary | ||
| amanuensis, amanuensis (c.) | secretary, clerk | Wiktionary | ||
| anas, anatis (f.) | duck | Wiktionary | ||
| auctor, auctoris (m.) | author, inventor, creator, cause | Wiktionary | ||
| auris, auris (f.) | ear | Wiktionary | ||
| bellator, bellatoris (m.) | warrior | Wiktionary | ||
| bos, bovis (c.) | ox, bull, cow | Wiktionary | ||
| bubo, bubonis (m.) | owl | Wiktionary | ||
| calix, calicis (m) | chalice, wine cup | Wiktionary | ||
| canis, canis (c.) | dog | Wiktionary | ||
| caro, carnis (f.) | meat, flesh | Wiktionary | ||
| civitas, civitatis (f.) | state, citizenship, community, city | Wiktionary | ||
| color, coloris (m.) | color | Wiktionary | ||
| conjunx, conjugis (c.) | spouse, bride, consort (pl. conjuges a married couple) | Wiktionary | ||
| custos, custodis (m.) | guard | Wiktionary | ||
| doctor, doctoris (m.) | teacher, learned man, scientist, one with an advanced degree | Wiktionary | ||
| dolor, doloris (m.) | pain, sorrow | Wiktionary | ||
| dux, ducis (m.) | general, leader | Wiktionary | ||
| feles, felis (f.) | cat | Wiktionary | ||
| frater, fratris (m.) | brother | Wiktionary | ||
| gustatio, gustationis (f.) | appetizer | Wiktionary | ||
| hebdomas, hebdomadis (f.) (sabbatum, i/sabbata, orum/septimana, ae) | week, seven days (septimana is closest to modern Romance languages, but is only found in Late Latin.) | Wiktionary | ||
| hiems, hiemis (f.) | winter homo, hominis (m.) man, human | Wiktionary | ||
| imperator, imperatoris (m.) | commander-in-chief, general, emperor, ruler (outranks dux) | Wiktionary | ||
| infans, infantis (c.) | baby, infant | Wiktionary | ||
| judex, judicis (iudex, iudicis) (m.) | judge | Wiktionary | ||
| Klingon, Klingonis (c.) | a Klingon | Wiktionary | ||
| labor, laboris, (m.) | work, effort, toil | Wiktionary | ||
| leo, leonis (m.) | lion | Wiktionary | ||
| lepus, leporis (m.) | rabbit, hare | Wiktionary | ||
| lex, legis (f.) | law | Wiktionary | ||
| libertas, libertatis (f.) | liberty, freedom | Wiktionary | ||
| lodix, lodicis (f.) | blanket, bedspread | Wiktionary | ||
| lux, lucis (f.) | light | Wiktionary | ||
| mater, matris (f.) | mother | Wiktionary | ||
| mercator, mercatoris (m.) (negotiator, negotiatoris (m.)) | merchant, trader, businessman | Wiktionary | ||
| miles, militis (m.) | soldier | Wiktionary | ||
| mulier, mulieris (f.) | woman (femina is also used) | Wiktionary | ||
| mus, muris (c.) | mouse, rat | Wiktionary | ||
| nemo, neminis (c.) | no one, nobody | Wiktionary | ||
| nepos, nepotis (m. or common in plural) | grandson, grandchild, nephew, descendant | Wiktionary | ||
| neptis, neptis (f.) | granddaughter | Wiktionary | ||
| nux, nucis (f.) | nut | Wiktionary | ||
| ovis, ovis (c.) | sheep | Wiktionary | ||
| panis, panis (m.) | bread | Wiktionary | ||
| papilio, papilionis (m.) | butterfly, moth | Wiktionary | ||
| parens, parentis (c.) | parent | Wiktionary | ||
| pater, patris (m.) | father | Wiktionary | ||
| patruelis, patruelis (c.) | cousin on father’s side (strictly, child of father’s brother) | Wiktionary | ||
| pax, pacis (f.) | peace | Wiktionary | ||
| pes, pedis (m.) | foot | Wiktionary | ||
| piscator, piscatoris (m.) | fisherman | Wiktionary | ||
| piscis, piscis (m.) | fish | Wiktionary | ||
| pollex, pollicis (m.) | thumb (big toe) | Wiktionary | ||
| potio, potionis (f.) | a drink, beverage | Wiktionary | ||
| praeses, praesidis (also praesidens, praesidentis) | president | Wiktionary | ||
| princeps, principis (m.) | chief, leading man, boss | Wiktionary | ||
| procurator, procuratoris (m.)(praepositus, i) | manager, supervisor, boss | Wiktionary | ||
| quaestio, quaestionis (f.) | question, investigation | Wiktionary | ||
| rex, regis (m.) | king | Wiktionary | ||
| (inter)rogatio, rogationis (f.) | question, inquiry, bill | Wiktionary | ||
| sal, salis (m.) | salt | Wiktionary | ||
| sanguis, sanguinis (m.) | blood, family | Wiktionary | ||
| sapo, saponis (m.) | soap | Wiktionary | ||
| scriptor, scriptoris (m.) | writer, scribe | Wiktionary | ||
| sedes, sedis (f.) | chair, seat, residence | Wiktionary | ||
| societas, societatis (f.) | company, (business) organization | Wiktionary | ||
| sol, solis, (m.) | sun | Wiktionary | ||
| soror, sororis (f.) | sister | Wiktionary | ||
| supellex, supellectilis (f.) (used in the singular) | furniture, household furnishings | Wiktionary | ||
| televisio, televisionis (f.) | television | Wiktionary | ||
| testudo, testudinis (f.) | tortoise, turtle (also a defensive military formation) | Wiktionary | ||
| tigris, tigris/ tigridis | tiger | Wiktionary | ||
| timor, timoris (m.) | fear | Wiktionary | ||
| tonsor, tonsoris (m.) | barber | Wiktionary | ||
| universitas, universitatis, f. (universitas magistrorum et scholarium) | university (community of teachers and scholars) | Wiktionary | ||
| uxor, uxoris (f.) | wife | Wiktionary | ||
| vesper, vesperis (also vesper, vesperi) (m.) | evening | Wiktionary | ||
| vestis, vestis (f.) | clothing, clothes, robe, garment | Wiktionary | ||
| veritas, veritatis (f.) | truth | Wiktionary | ||
| virtus, virtutis (f.) | courage, virtue, manliness | Wiktionary | ||
| vox, vocis (f.) | voice, cry | Wiktionary |
neuter
declined regularly (flumen, fluminis, flumini, flumen, flumine| flumina, fluminum, fluminibus, flumina, fluminibus)
| Latin | Audio (classical) | Audio (Ecclesiastical) | English | Wiktionary link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| apis, apis, apium (f.) | bee | Wiktionary | ||
| avis, avis, avium (f.) | bird | Wiktionary | ||
| civis, civis, civium (c.) | citizen | Wiktionary | ||
| clavis, clavis, clavium (f.) | key | Wiktionary | ||
| collis, collis, collium (m.) | hill | Wiktionary | ||
| dens, dentis, dentium (m.) | tooth, tusk | Wiktionary | ||
| finis, finis, finium (f. in s., m. in pl.) | s. end, limit, boundary, death; pl. territory, country | Wiktionary | ||
| frons, frontis, frontium (f.) | forehead, brow, front | Wiktionary | ||
| gens, gentis, gentium (f.) | tribe, nation, clan | Wiktionary | ||
| hostis, hostis, hostium (c.) | enemy | Wiktionary | ||
| ignis, ignis, ignium (m.) | fire | Wiktionary | ||
| mensis, mensis, mensium (m.) | month | Wiktionary | ||
| mons, montis, montium (m.) | mountain | Wiktionary | ||
| mors, mortis, mortium (f.) | death | Wiktionary | ||
| nox, noctis, noctium (f.) | night | Wiktionary | ||
| pars, partis, partium (f.) | part, piece | Wiktionary | ||
| pons, pontis, pontium (m.) | bridge | Wiktionary | ||
| serpens, serpentis, serpentium (c.) | snake | Wiktionary | ||
| urbs, urbis, urbium (f.) | city | Wiktionary | ||
| vigil, vigilis, vigilium (m.) (+publicus) | policeman | Wiktionary | ||
Masculine / feminine
m/f, with i-stem in gen. pl. (pars, partis, parti, partem, parte| partes, partium, partibus, partes, partibus)
| Latin | Audio (classical) | Audio (Ecclesiastical) | English | Wiktionary link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| animal, animalis, animalium (n.) | animal | Wiktionary | ||
| cervical, cervicalis, cervicalium (n.) (pulvinus, i) | pillow, cushion | Wiktionary | ||
| cocleare, coclearis (n.) | spoon, spoonful, snail shell | Wiktionary | ||
| cor, cordis (cordium, but corda nom. and acc. pl.) (n.) | heart | Wiktionary | ||
| mantele, mantelis, mantelium (n.) | towel, hand-towel | Wiktionary | ||
| mare, maris, marium (n.) | sea | Wiktionary | ||
| mel, mellis (n.) | honey | Wiktionary | ||
| ocularia (n. pl.) (vitra ocularia, pl.) | glasses (n.b. this is a 3rd declension plural neuter adjective, used as a noun) | Wiktionary | ||
| os, ossis, ossium (n.) | bone | Wiktionary | ||
| tibiale, tibialis, tibialium (n.) | sock | Wiktionary | ||
| Wiktionary | ||||
neuter, with i-stem
in abl. s., nom., gen., and acc. pl (mare, maris, mari, mare, mari | maria, marium, maribus, maria, maribus
| Latin | Audio (classical) | Audio (Ecclesiastical) | English | Wiktionary link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| neuter with i-stem | Wiktionary | |||
| animal, animalis, animalium (n.) | animal | Wiktionary | ||
| cervical, cervicalis, cervicalium (n.) (pulvinus, i) | pillow, cushion | Wiktionary | ||
| cocleare, coclearis (n.) | spoon, spoonful, snail shell | Wiktionary | ||
| cor, cordis (cordium, but corda nom. and acc. pl.) (n.) | heart | Wiktionary | ||
| mantele, mantelis, mantelium (n.) | towel, hand-towel | Wiktionary | ||
| mare, maris, marium (n.) | sea | Wiktionary | ||
| mel, mellis (n.) | honey | Wiktionary | ||
| ocularia (n. pl.) (vitra ocularia, pl.) | glasses (n.b. this is a 3rd declension plural neuter adjective, used as a noun) | Wiktionary | ||
| os, ossis, ossium (n.) | bone | Wiktionary | ||
| tibiale, tibialis, tibialium (n.) | sock | Wiktionary |
4th Declension Nouns
masculine unless otherwise noted (portus, portūs, portuī, portum portū | portūs, portuum, portibus, portūs, portibus)
| Latin | Audio (classical) | Audio (Ecclesiastical) | English | Wiktionary link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| adventus, us | arrival, approach, coming | Wiktionary | ||
| domus, us (f.) (abl. domo, loc. domi) | house, home | Wiktionary | ||
| exercitus, us | army | Wiktionary | ||
| fructus, us | fruit, produce | Wiktionary | ||
| gradus, us | step, degree, position, rung of a ladder | Wiktionary | ||
| gustus, us | taste | Wiktionary | ||
| genu, genus (n.) | knee | Wiktionary | ||
| habitus, us | condition, appearance; suit of clothes | Wiktionary | ||
| Idus, Iduum (f.)(pl.) | the Ides, the 15th day of March, May, July, October, and the 13th of all other months | Wiktionary | ||
| impetus, us | attack | Wiktionary | ||
| manus, us (f.) | hand, power | Wiktionary | ||
| objectus, us (m.)(obiectus) | obstacle, object (for object, res, rei / corpus, corporis may also be used) | Wiktionary | ||
| odoratus, us | smell, sense of smell | Wiktionary | ||
| portus, us | harbor, port | Wiktionary | ||
| reditus, us | return, returning, income, rent | Wiktionary | ||
| sensus, us | sense | Wiktionary | ||
| sinus, us | (originally, the fold of a toga used to store valuables), pocket | Wiktionary | ||
| spiritus, us | spirit, breath | Wiktionary | ||
| tactus, us | touch, sense of touch | Wiktionary | ||
| vestitus, us | clothing | Wiktionary | ||
| visus, us | sight, vision, seeing | Wiktionary |
5th Declension Nouns
feminine unless otherwise noted (res, rei, rei, rem, re | res, rerum, rebus, res, rebus)
| Latin | Audio (classical) | Audio (Ecclesiastical) | English | Wiktionary link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| acies, aciei | sharp edge, battle line | Wiktionary | ||
| dies, diei (m.) | day (n.b. masculine, but when referring to a specific date it may be feminine, e.g. “tertiā die” on the third day) | Wiktionary | ||
| dies hebdomadis | the days of the week | Wiktionary | ||
| dies Solis | Sunday | Wiktionary | ||
| dies Lunae | Monday | Wiktionary | ||
| dies Martis | Tuesday | Wiktionary | ||
| dies Mercurii | Wednesday | Wiktionary | ||
| dies Iovis | Thursday | Wiktionary | ||
| dies Veneris | Friday | Wiktionary | ||
| dies Saturnis | Saturday | Wiktionary | ||
| facies, faciei | face, form, shape | Wiktionary | ||
| fides, fidei | faith, trust, loyalty | Wiktionary | ||
| meridies, meridiei (m.) | midday, noon | Wiktionary | ||
| res, rei | thing, matter, affair, subject | Wiktionary | ||
| spes, spei | hope | Wiktionary | ||
Adjectives (1st/2nd Declension)
| Latin | Audio (classical) | Audio (Ecclesiastical) | English | Wiktionary link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| acidus, a, um | sour | Wiktionary | ||
| albus, a, um | white (dead white, not shining) | Wiktionary | ||
| alius, alia, aliud (adj.) | other, another (of more than two) | Wiktionary | ||
| almus, a, um | nurturing, nourishing, kind | Wiktionary | ||
| alter, altera, alterum (adj.) | the one, the other (of two) | Wiktionary | ||
| altus, a, um | high, tall, deep | Wiktionary | ||
| antiquus, a, um | ancient, old | Wiktionary | ||
| ater, atra, atrum | black (like a coal, not glossy); dark, gloomy | Wiktionary | ||
| aurantius, a, um | orange (not often used in classical Latin) | Wiktionary | ||
| aureus, a, um | golden, gold | Wiktionary | ||
| beatus, a, um | blessed, happy (compare felix, laetus) | Wiktionary | ||
| benignus, a, um | kind | Wiktionary | ||
| bonus, a, um | good | Wiktionary | ||
| caeruleus, a, um | blue | Wiktionary | ||
| calidus, a, um | hot, warm | Wiktionary | ||
| candidus, a, um | white (shining, dazzling) | Wiktionary | ||
| canus, a, um | gray, gray-haired | Wiktionary | ||
| certus, a, um | certain, sure, determined (certiorem facio inform, lit. “make more certain”) | Wiktionary | ||
| chartaceus, a, um | made of paper | Wiktionary | ||
| dexter, dextera, dexterum (dexter, dextra, dextrum) | right, on the right | Wiktionary | ||
| dubius, a, um | doubtful (comparison uses the adverbs magis, maxime) | Wiktionary | ||
| durus, a, um | hard, harsh, unrefined | Wiktionary | ||
| flavus, a, um | yellow, blond/e-haired | Wiktionary | ||
| frigidus, a, um | cold, cool | Wiktionary | ||
| fuscus, a, um | brown | Wiktionary | ||
| honestus, a, um | respectable, upright, honest | Wiktionary | ||
| laetus, a, um | happy, glad, joyful | Wiktionary | ||
| laneus, a, um | woolen, made of wool | Wiktionary | ||
| latus, a, um | wide | Wiktionary | ||
| liber, libera, liberum | free | Wiktionary | ||
| linteus, a, um | made of linen | Wiktionary | ||
| longus, a, um | long | Wiktionary | ||
| luteus, a, um | yellow | Wiktionary | ||
| magnus, a, um | large, great | Wiktionary | ||
| malus, a, um | bad | Wiktionary | ||
| manicatus, a, um | with long sleeves, long-sleeved | Wiktionary | ||
| medius, a, um | middle, midst | Wiktionary | ||
| meus, a, um | my, mine | Wiktionary | ||
| miser, misera, miserum | wretched, poor | Wiktionary | ||
| multus, a, um | much, many | Wiktionary | ||
| negotiosus, a, um | busy, full of business | Wiktionary | ||
| niger, -gra, -grum | black (glossy); dark | Wiktionary | ||
| nonnulli, ae, a | a few, some (lit. “not none”) | Wiktionary | ||
| noster, nostra, nostrum | our, ours | Wiktionary | ||
| novus, a, um | new | Wiktionary | ||
| nullus, a, um | no, none | Wiktionary | ||
| parvus, a, um | small | Wiktionary | ||
| pauci, ae, a | few | Wiktionary | ||
| plenus, a, um | full (w. gen. or abl.) | Wiktionary | ||
| praeteritus, a, um | past, bygone, last | Wiktionary | ||
| primus, a, um | first, the first | Wiktionary | ||
| proximus, a, um | nearest, next, most recent, latest | Wiktionary | ||
| publicus, a, um | public, belonging to the people/state | Wiktionary | ||
| pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum | beautiful, handsome | Wiktionary | ||
| purpureus, a, um | purple | Wiktionary | ||
| quantus, a, um | how great, how large, how much, how many (quanti is usually used with consto) | Wiktionary | ||
| rectus, a, um | honest, right, proper, straight | Wiktionary | ||
| Romanus, a, um | Roman | Wiktionary | ||
| roseus, a, um | pink, rose | Wiktionary | ||
| ruber, rubra, rubrum | red | Wiktionary | ||
| rufus, a, um | ruddy, red-haired | Wiktionary | ||
| salsus, a, um | salty, salted | Wiktionary | ||
| scorteus, a, um | made of leather | Wiktionary | ||
| secundus, a, um | second (of a series of more than two), following, favorable, successful | Wiktionary | ||
| sinister, sinistra, sinistrum | left, on the left | Wiktionary | ||
| solus, a, um | alone, only (gen. s. “solius”, dat. s. “soli”) | Wiktionary | ||
| suus, a, um | his (own), her/hers, its, their/theirs (reflexive possessive adjective) | Wiktionary | ||
| tardus, a, um | slow | Wiktionary | ||
| tertius, a, um | third | Wiktionary | ||
| totus, a, um | whole, all of (gen. s. “totius,” dat. s. “toti”) | Wiktionary | ||
| tutus, a, um | safe | Wiktionary | ||
| tuus, a, um | your, yours (of one person) | Wiktionary | ||
| universus, a, um | all together, all in one, whole, universal | Wiktionary | ||
| unus, a, um | one (in s. only; gen. unius, dat. uni) | Wiktionary | ||
| vegetarianus, a, um | vegetarian | Wiktionary | ||
| verus, a, um | true, real | Wiktionary | ||
| vester, vestra, vestrum | your, yours (of more than one person) | Wiktionary |
Adjectives (3rd declension)
| Latin | Audio (classical) | Audio (Ecclesiastical) | English | Wiktionary link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjectives (3rd declension) | Adjectives (3rd declension) | Wiktionary | ||
| acer, acris, acre | sharp, keen, bitter (superlative in –rimus) | Wiktionary | ||
| australis, e (also meridionalis, e or meridianus, a, um) | southern, of the south (from auster, the south wind, and meridies, midday or noon) | Wiktionary | ||
| brevis, e | short | Wiktionary | ||
| celer, celeris, celere | quick, fast, swift | Wiktionary | ||
| difficilis, e | difficult | Wiktionary | ||
| diligens, diligentis | careful, diligent | Wiktionary | ||
| dulcis, e | sweet | Wiktionary | ||
| esuriens, esurientis | hungry, starving | Wiktionary | ||
| facilis, e | easy | Wiktionary | ||
| felix, felicis (one form in nom. s.) | happy, lucky, fortunate | Wiktionary | ||
| fortis, e | strong, brave | Wiktionary | ||
| gravis, e | heavy, serious, severe | Wiktionary | ||
| juvenis, e | young | Wiktionary | ||
| levis, e | light (in weight), of little importance | Wiktionary | ||
| mollis, e | gentle, soft, pleasant | Wiktionary | ||
| occidentalis, e | western, of the west (from occidens, or occasus, the falling or setting of the sun) | Wiktionary | ||
| omnis, e | every, all | Wiktionary | ||
| orientalis, e | eastern, of the east (from oriens, referring to the rising of the sun) | Wiktionary | ||
| senex, senis (one form in nom. s.) | old, aged; an old man or woman septentrionalis, e (also borealis, e) northern, of the north (from the seven stars, septentrio, the big or little dipper, or boreas, the north wind) | Wiktionary | ||
| similis, e | like, similar (used with gen. or dat. case to complete the meaning) | Wiktionary | ||
| sitiens, sitientis | thirsty | Wiktionary | ||
| tristis, e | sad | Wiktionary | ||
| viridis, e | green | Wiktionary | ||
| uniformis, e | uniform, having one shape | Wiktionary |
Irregular and Special Adjective Comparisons
(model of regular comparison: altus, a, um/ altior, altius/ altissimus, a, um)
| Latin | Audio (classical) | Audio (Ecclesiastical) | English | Wiktionary link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Irregular and Special Adjective Comparisons | Irregular and Special Adjective Comparisons | Wiktionary | ||
| (model of regular comparison: altus, a, um/ altior, altius/ altissimus, a, um) | Wiktionary | |||
| difficilis, e/ difficilior, difficilius/ dificillimus, a, um | difficult, more difficult, most difficult | Wiktionary | ||
| facilis, e/ facilior, facilius/ facillimus, a, um | easy, easier, easiest | Wiktionary | ||
| (other adjectives like similis, dissimilis, humilis, gracilis, also form their superlatives with –limus) | Wiktionary | |||
| dubius, a, um/ magis dubius, a, um/ maxime dubius, a, um | doubtful, more doubtful, most doubtful | Wiktionary | ||
| miser, misera, miserum/ miserior, miserius/ miserrimus, a, um | wretched/ more wretched/ most wretched | Wiktionary | ||
| (other adjectives ending in –er in the nom. s. m also form their superlatives by adding –rimus; acer/acrior/acerrimus, pulcher/pulchrior/pulcherrimus, celer/celerior/celerrimus – comparatives are formed regularly) | Wiktionary | |||
| bonus, a, um/ melior, melius/ optimus, a, um | good, better, best | Wiktionary | ||
| juvenis, e/ junior, junius/ juvenissimus, a, um | young, younger, youngest | Wiktionary | ||
| magnus, a, um/ major, majus (maior, maius)/ maximus, a, um | big (great), bigger, biggest | Wiktionary | ||
| malus, a, um/ pejor, pejus (peior, peius)/ pessimus, a, um | bad, worse, worst | Wiktionary | ||
| multus, a, um/ plus (neuter noun)/ plurimus, a, um | much/ more/ most | Wiktionary | ||
| multi, ae, a/ plures, plura/ plurimi, ae, a | many/ more/ very many | Wiktionary | ||
| parvus, a, um/ minor, minus/ minimus, a, um | small, smaller, smallest | Wiktionary | ||
| (the following have comparative and superlative forms, but the positive form is not used) | Wiktionary | |||
| exterior | outer/ extremus outermost | Wiktionary | ||
| inferior | lower/ imus or infimus lowest | Wiktionary | ||
| interior | inner/ intimus innermost | Wiktionary | ||
| posterior | later/ postremus last | Wiktionary | ||
| prior | former/ primus first | Wiktionary | ||
| superior | higher/ supremus or summus highest | Wiktionary | ||
| ulterior | farther/ ultimus farthest | Wiktionary |
Other Adjectives
| Latin | Audio (classical) | Audio (Ecclesiastical) | English | Wiktionary link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aliquot (indecl.) | a number, some, a few | Wiktionary | ||
| ambo, ambae, ambo | both | Wiktionary | ||
| qui, quae, quod (interrogative adj.) | which, what | Wiktionary | ||
| quidam, quaedam, quoddam | a certain one, a certain thing | Wiktionary | ||
| quot, (indeclinable) | how many? | Wiktionary |
Numbers
| Latin | Audio (classical) | Audio (Ecclesiastical) | English | Wiktionary link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I. unus, una, unum | one | Wiktionary | ||
| II. duo, duae, duo | two | Wiktionary | ||
| III. tres, tria | three | Wiktionary | ||
| IV. quattuor | four | Wiktionary | ||
| V. quinque | five | Wiktionary | ||
| VI. sex | six | Wiktionary | ||
| VII. septem | seven | Wiktionary | ||
| VIII. octo | eight | Wiktionary | ||
| IX. novem | nine | Wiktionary | ||
| X. decem | ten | Wiktionary | ||
| XI. undecim | eleven | Wiktionary | ||
| XII. duodecim | twelve | Wiktionary | ||
| XIII. tredecim | thirteen | Wiktionary | ||
| XIV. quattuordecim | fourteen | Wiktionary | ||
| XV. quindecim | fifteen | Wiktionary | ||
| XVI. sedecim | sixteen | Wiktionary | ||
| XVII. septendecim | seventeen | Wiktionary | ||
| XVIII. duodeviginti | eighteen | Wiktionary | ||
| XIX. undeviginti | nineteen | Wiktionary | ||
| XX. viginti | twenty | Wiktionary | ||
| C. centum | one hundred | Wiktionary | ||
| M. mille | one thousand (n.b. in the plural milia, a neuter noun meaning “thousands”, often used with genitive)(used with passus, us a pace; mille passus a mile, milia passuum thousands of paces or miles) | Wiktionary |
Pronouns (given in 1st-2nd-3rd person order)
| Latin | Audio (classical) | Audio (Ecclesiastical) | English | Wiktionary link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pronouns | Pronouns | Wiktionary | ||
| ego, mei | I | Wiktionary | ||
| nos, nostri | we | Wiktionary | ||
| tu, tui | you (s.) | Wiktionary | ||
| vos, vestri | you (pl.) | Wiktionary | ||
| is, ea, id | he, she, it | Wiktionary | ||
| ei, eae, ea | they | Wiktionary | ||
| --, sui | himself, herself, itself, themselves | Wiktionary | ||
| hic, haec, hoc | this (these) | Wiktionary | ||
| ille, illa, illud | that (those) | Wiktionary | ||
| aliquis, aliquid (indef. pronoun) | someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything quid (interrogative pronoun) what? | Wiktionary | ||
| quis (interrogative pronoun) | who? | Wiktionary | ||
| quisquis, quidquid (indef. pron.) | whoever, whatever, everyone who, everything which | Wiktionary | ||
| (unus)quisque, (una)quaeque, (unum)quodque | each one, every one | Wiktionary | ||
| uterque, utraque, utrumque | each, either, both (of two) | Wiktionary |
Prepositions
| Latin | Audio (classical) | Audio (Ecclesiastical) | English | Wiktionary link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ad | to, near, toward, at | Wiktionary | ||
| ante | before, in front of | Wiktionary | ||
| circum | around | Wiktionary | ||
| contra | against | Wiktionary | ||
| in | --> | into, onto, against | Wiktionary | |
| inter | between, among | Wiktionary | ||
| intra | within, inside of | Wiktionary | ||
| per | through | Wiktionary | ||
| post | after, behind | Wiktionary | ||
| propter | on account of, because of | Wiktionary | ||
| sub | under, underneath (with verbs of motion) | Wiktionary | ||
| super | over, above, on top of (sometimes with abl.) | Wiktionary | ||
| trans | across | Wiktionary |
| Latin | Audio (classical) | Audio (Ecclesiastical) | English | Wiktionary link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ab/ a | away from, from, by (expressing agency) | Wiktionary | ||
| cum | with (expressing accompaniment) | Wiktionary | ||
| de | concerning, about, from, down from | Wiktionary | ||
| ex/e | out of, from | Wiktionary | ||
| in | in, on | Wiktionary | ||
| pro | on behalf of, for, before, in front of, in place of | Wiktionary | ||
| sine | without | Wiktionary | ||
| sub | under, beneath, underneath, below | Wiktionary |
Verbs (1st Conjugation)
Regular pattern of 4 principal parts endings: o, are, avi, atus
| Latin | Audio (classical) | Audio (Ecclesiastical) | English | Wiktionary link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| adjuvō (adiuvō), adjuvāre, adjūvī, adjūtus also juvō (iuvō) 1 | help, assist | Wiktionary | ||
| ambulo, 1 | walk | Wiktionary | ||
| amo, 1 | love, like, am fond of | Wiktionary | ||
| canto, 1 | sing | Wiktionary | ||
| ceno, 1 | dine, eat dinner | Wiktionary | ||
| clamo, 1 | shout, cry, proclaim | Wiktionary | ||
| cogito, 1 | think, consider | Wiktionary | ||
| consto, constāre, constiti, constatus (1) | stand together, agree, stand firm, endure, be certain; cost (with abl. or gen.) | Wiktionary | ||
| desidero, 1 | want, desire, long for | Wiktionary | ||
| do, dare, dedi, datus | give | Wiktionary | ||
| exspecto, 1 | wait, wait for | Wiktionary | ||
| gusto, 1 | taste, enjoy | Wiktionary | ||
| habito, 1 | live, inhabit | Wiktionary | ||
| laboro, 1 | work, labor | Wiktionary | ||
| laudo, 1 | praise | Wiktionary | ||
| lavo, 1 | wash, clean | Wiktionary | ||
| manduco, 1 | chew, eat, devour | Wiktionary | ||
| nato, 1 | swim | Wiktionary | ||
| navigo, 1 | sail | Wiktionary | ||
| paro, 1 | prepare (for) | Wiktionary | ||
| pernocto, 1 | spend the night, stay all night long | Wiktionary | ||
| porto, 1 | carry | Wiktionary | ||
| pugno, 1 (intr.) | fight | Wiktionary | ||
| rogo, 1 | ask, request | Wiktionary | ||
| seco, secare, secui, sectus, 1 | cut, divide | Wiktionary | ||
| servo, 1 | protect, keep, preserve, watch over | Wiktionary | ||
| specto, 1 | watch, look at | Wiktionary | ||
| spero, 1 | hope, expect | Wiktionary | ||
| sto, stare, steti, status, 1 | stand | Wiktionary | ||
| veto, vetare, vetui, vetitus, 1 | forbid, prevent, reject, not allow | Wiktionary | ||
| voco, 1 | call | Wiktionary | ||
| volo, 1 | fly | Wiktionary | ||
| vulnero, 1 | wound, hurt, injure | Wiktionary |
1st Conjugation Deponent Verbs
| Latin | Audio (classical) | Audio (Ecclesiastical) | English | Wiktionary link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| conor, conari, conatus sum, 1 | try | Wiktionary | ||
| recordor, recordari, recordatus sum, 1 | call to mind, remember | Wiktionary |
Verbs (2nd Conjugation)
(principal parts like moneo, monēre, monui, monitus unless otherwise noted)
| Latin | Audio (classical) | Audio (Ecclesiastical) | English | Wiktionary link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| compleo, complēre, complevi, completus, 2 (w. abl.) | fill, fill up | Wiktionary | ||
| debeo, 2 (w. inf.) | owe, ought, must, should | Wiktionary | ||
| doceo, docēre, docui, doctus, 2 | teach, inform | Wiktionary | ||
| doleo, dolēre, dolui, dolitus, 2 | feel pain, hurt, suffer | Wiktionary | ||
| egeo, egēre, egui, 2 (w. abl. or gen.) | need, am in need of | Wiktionary | ||
| ferveo, fervēre, ferbui, 2 (intr.) | boil | Wiktionary | ||
| fleo, flēre, flevi, fletus, 2 | cry, weep | Wiktionary | ||
| habeo, 2 | have | Wiktionary | ||
| jaceo (iaceo), jacēre, jacui, jacitum, intr. 2 | lie, lie down, lie dead | Wiktionary | ||
| jubeo (iubeo), jubēre, jussi, jussus, 2 | order, command | Wiktionary | ||
| licet, licēre, licuit, 2 (impersonal, w. dat. and inf.) | it is permitted, it is allowed | Wiktionary | ||
| maneo, manēre, mansi, mansurus, 2 | remain, stay | Wiktionary | ||
| moneo, 2 | warn, advise | Wiktionary | ||
| moveo, movēre, movi, motus, 2 | move | Wiktionary | ||
| oportet, oportēre, oportuit, 2 (impersonal, w. acc. + inf.) | it behooves, it is necessary, it is right, must, ought | Wiktionary | ||
| placeo, placēre, placui, placitus, 2 (w. dat.) | please, be pleasing to | Wiktionary | ||
| praesideo, praesidēre, praesidi, 2 | sit in front of, preside over, protect | Wiktionary | ||
| respondeo, respondēre, respondi, responsus, 2 | answer, respond | Wiktionary | ||
| retineo, retinēre, retinui, retentus, 2 | hold back, keep, restrain | Wiktionary | ||
| rideo, ridēre, risi, risus, 2 | laugh | Wiktionary | ||
| sedeo, sedēre, sedi, sessus, 2 | sit | Wiktionary | ||
| subrideo, subridēre, subrisi, subrisus, 2 | smile | Wiktionary | ||
| teneo, tenēre, tenui, tentus, 2 | hold, keep (memoriā teneo hold in memory, remember) | Wiktionary | ||
| terreo, 2 | frighten, terrify | Wiktionary | ||
| timeo, timēre, timui, 2 | fear | Wiktionary | ||
| valeo, valēre, valui, valiturus, 2 | am strong, am well | Wiktionary | ||
| video, vidēre, vidi, visus, 2 | see | Wiktionary |
Verbs (3rd Conjugation)
(infinitive ends in –ere; no regular pattern of principal parts)
| Latin | Audio (classical) | Audio (Ecclesiastical) | English | Wiktionary link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| accendo, accendere, accendi, accensus, 3 | turn on, kindle a light/lamp | Wiktionary | ||
| ago, agere, egi, actus, 3 | do, act, drive, give | Wiktionary | ||
| amitto, amittere, amisi, amissus, 3 | lose, send away | Wiktionary | ||
| bibo, bibere, bibi, (bibus/bibitum), 3 | drink | Wiktionary | ||
| cado, cadere, cecidi, casurus, 3 | fall | Wiktionary | ||
| cano, canere, cecini, cantus, 3 | make music, play an instrument, sing (used with ablative) | Wiktionary | ||
| capio, capere, cepi, captus, 3 (i-stem) | take, catch, capture | Wiktionary | ||
| cognosco, cognoscere, cognovi, cognitus,3 (used in perfect tense) | learn, recognize, know colo, colere, colui, cultus, 3 till, cultivate, grow (as a crop), tend | Wiktionary | ||
| condo, condere, condidi, conditus, 3 | build, found, establish | Wiktionary | ||
| coquo, coquere, coxi, coctus, 3 | cook | Wiktionary | ||
| credo, credere, credidi, creditus, 3 | believe, trust, entrust | Wiktionary | ||
| cresco, crescere, crevi, cretum, 3 | grow, increase | Wiktionary | ||
| curro, currere, cucurri, cursus, 3 | run, hurry | Wiktionary | ||
| dico, dicere, dixi, dictus, 3 | say, tell | Wiktionary | ||
| diligo, diligere, dilexi, dilectus (3) | love, value, care for | Wiktionary | ||
| dimitto, dimittere, dimisi, dimissus, 3 | send away, dismiss, release | Wiktionary | ||
| disco, discere, didici, discitus, 3 | learn, acquire knowledge/skill of/in | Wiktionary | ||
| edo, edere, edi, esum, 3 | eat (some irregular and alternate forms) | Wiktionary | ||
| emo, emere, emi, emptus, 3 | buy, gain | Wiktionary | ||
| facio, facere, feci, factus, 3 (i-stem) | make, do | Wiktionary | ||
| frango, frangere, fregi, fractus, 3 | break, shatter | Wiktionary | ||
| fugio, fugere, fugi, fugitus, 3 (i-stem) | flee, fly, run away | Wiktionary | ||
| gero, gerere, gessi, gestus (3) | have on, wear (clothing) (also, carry, carry on, wage (war)) | Wiktionary | ||
| induo, induere, indui, indutus, 3 | put on (clothing), dress in | Wiktionary | ||
| incendo, incendere, incendi, incensus, 3 | set fire to, kindle, burn, make angry | Wiktionary | ||
| incipio, incipere, incepi, inceptus, 3 (i-stem) | begin, undertake | Wiktionary | ||
| jacio (iacio), jacere, jeci, jactus, 3 (i-stem) | throw, cast, hurl | Wiktionary | ||
| lego, legere, legi, lectus, 3 | read (gather, collect) | Wiktionary | ||
| ludo, ludere, lusi, lusus, 3 | play | Wiktionary | ||
| mitto, mittere, misi, missus, 3 | send, send off | Wiktionary | ||
| nosco, noscere, novi, notus, 3 (used in perfect tense) | become acquainted with, know | Wiktionary | ||
| nubo, nubere, nupsi, nuptus, 3 | marry, take as husband | Wiktionary | ||
| occido, occidere, occidi, occisus, 3 (also interficio, interficere, interfeci, interfectus, 3) | kill | Wiktionary | ||
| peto, petere, petivi, petitus, 3 | seek, beg, order, ask for, aim for | Wiktionary | ||
| pono, ponere, posui, positus, 3 | put, place, set, put down | Wiktionary | ||
| quaero, quaerere, quaesivi, quaesitus, 3 | ask, seek | Wiktionary | ||
| reddo, reddere, reddidi, redditus, 3 | give back, restore, render | Wiktionary | ||
| rego, regere, rexi, rectus, 3 | direct, keep straight, rule, govern | Wiktionary | ||
| relinquo, relinquere, reliqui, relictus, 3 | leave, leave behind, abandon | Wiktionary | ||
| sapio, sapere, sapivi, 3 | taste of, have sense, understand | Wiktionary | ||
| scribo, scribere, scripsi, scriptus, 3 | write | Wiktionary | ||
| solvo, solvere, solvi, solutus, 3 | loose, release, pay (off) | Wiktionary | ||
| (con)sumo, sumere, sumpsi, sumptus, 3 | take, consume (e.g., a meal) | Wiktionary | ||
| surgo, surgere, surrexi, surrectus, 3 | stand up, get up | Wiktionary | ||
| tollo, tollere, sustuli, sublatus, 3 | raise up, lift, take away | Wiktionary | ||
| trado, tradere, tradidi, traditus, 3 | hand over, deliver | Wiktionary | ||
| vendo, vendere, vendidi, venditus, 3 | sell | Wiktionary | ||
| vinco, vincere, vici, victus, 3 | conquer, win | Wiktionary | ||
| vivo, vivere, vixi, victus, 3 | live | Wiktionary |
| Latin | Audio (classical) | Audio (Ecclesiastical) | English | Wiktionary link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| loquor, loqui, locutus sum, 3 | speak | Wiktionary | ||
| morior, mori, mortuus sum, 3 (i-stem) | die, pass away | Wiktionary | ||
| nascor, nasci, natus sum, 3 | am born | Wiktionary | ||
| obliviscor, oblivisci, oblitus sum, 3 | forget (used with gen. of persons, gen. or acc. of things, acc. with neuter pronouns or adjectives) | Wiktionary | ||
| patior, pati, passus sum, 3 (i-stem) | allow, suffer, permit | Wiktionary | ||
| sequor, sequi, secutus sum, 3 | follow, come after | Wiktionary | ||
| utor, uti, usus sum, 3 (w. abl.) | use, employ, profit from/by | Wiktionary |
Verbs (4th Conjugation)
- (Principal parts like audio, audire, audivi, auditus unless otherwise noted)
| Latin | Audio (classical) | Audio (Ecclesiastical) | English | Wiktionary link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aperio, aperire, aperui, apertus, 4 | open | Wiktionary | ||
| audio, 4 | hear | Wiktionary | ||
| convenio, convenire, conveni, conventus, 4 | assemble, come together | Wiktionary | ||
| dormio, 4 | sleep | Wiktionary | ||
| esurio, 4 | be hungry, hunger | Wiktionary | ||
| invenio, invenire, inveni, inventus, 4 | find, come upon | Wiktionary | ||
| munio, 4 | fortify, construct, strengthen | Wiktionary | ||
| nescio, nescire, nescivi, nescitus, 4 (negative form of scio) | do not know, am ignorant | Wiktionary | ||
| pervenio, pervenire, perveni, perventus, 4 | arrive, reach | Wiktionary | ||
| scio, 4 | know | Wiktionary | ||
| sepelio, sepelire, sepelivi (ii), sepultus, 4 | bury, inter | Wiktionary | ||
| sitio, sitire, sitivi, --, 4 | be thirsty, thirst | Wiktionary | ||
| venio, venire, veni, ventus, 4 | come | Wiktionary |
| Latin | Audio (classical) | Audio (Ecclesiastical) | English | Wiktionary link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| orior, oriri, ortus sum, 4 | rise, arise, descend from | Wiktionary |
Verbs, Irregular
| Latin | Audio (classical) | Audio (Ecclesiastical) | English | Wiktionary link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| abeo, abire, abii (abivi), abitum | go away, leave, depart | Wiktionary | ||
| absum, abesse, afui, afuturus | am away, am distant | Wiktionary | ||
| adfero/affero, adferre, attuli, allatus | bring to, deliver, carry | Wiktionary | ||
| adsum, adesse, adfui, adfuturus | am here, am present | Wiktionary | ||
| aufero, auferre, abstuli, ablatus | take away desum, deesse, defui, defuturus, irreg. (frequently used w. dat.) fail, be without, be missing | Wiktionary | ||
| eo, ire, ivi/ii, itum | go | Wiktionary | ||
| exeo, exire, exii (exivi), exitum | go out, exit | Wiktionary | ||
| fero, ferre, tuli, latus | bear, bring, carry | Wiktionary | ||
| fio, fieri, factus sum | become, be made, be done, happen (this is the irregular passive voice of facio (3) make, do) | Wiktionary | ||
| ineo, inire, inii (inivi), initus, irreg. | go in, enter, begin | Wiktionary | ||
| malo, malle, malui (irreg.) (magis + volo) | prefer, wish/want more/instead | Wiktionary | ||
| memini, meminisse | remember (used with gen. of persons, gen. or acc. of things, acc. with neuter pronouns or adjectives) | Wiktionary | ||
| nolo, nolle, nolui (irreg.) | am unwilling, do not want | Wiktionary | ||
| odi, odisse (only perfect forms used) | hate | Wiktionary | ||
| possum, posse, potui (normally used with infinitive) | am able, can | Wiktionary | ||
| redeo, redire, redivi, reditus (irreg.) | return, go back | Wiktionary | ||
| sum, esse, fui, futurus | I am | Wiktionary | ||
| transeo, transire, transivi/transii, transitus | go across, go over, cross, pass | Wiktionary | ||
| volo, velle, volui | am willing, wish for, want | Wiktionary |
Adverbs
| Latin | Audio (classical) | Audio (Ecclesiastical) | English | Wiktionary link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| acriter | sharply, bitterly | Wiktionary | ||
| Anglice | in English | Wiktionary | ||
| bene | well | Wiktionary | ||
| celeriter | quickly, swiftly, fast | Wiktionary | ||
| cotidie | daily, every day | Wiktionary | ||
| cras | tomorrow | Wiktionary | ||
| cur | why | Wiktionary | ||
| diu | for a long time | Wiktionary | ||
| facile | easily | Wiktionary | ||
| foris | outside, outdoors | Wiktionary | ||
| fortiter | strongly, bravely | Wiktionary | ||
| heri | yesterday | Wiktionary | ||
| hic | here | Wiktionary | ||
| hodie | today, on this day | Wiktionary | ||
| ibi (also eo, illic, illuc) | there | Wiktionary | ||
| inde | from there, from then | Wiktionary | ||
| intus (intro) | inside, indoors, in the house | Wiktionary | ||
| ita | so, thus | Wiktionary | ||
| iterum | again, for the second time | Wiktionary | ||
| jam/iam | already, now | Wiktionary | ||
| late | widely | Wiktionary | ||
| Latine, adv. | in Latin | Wiktionary | ||
| longe | far, by far | Wiktionary | ||
| male | badly | Wiktionary | ||
| mane | morning, in the morning | Wiktionary | ||
| mox | soon | Wiktionary | ||
| multum | much, very much, greatly, very, frequently, “a lot” (n.b. can also be used as a neuter noun, with the genitive) | Wiktionary | ||
| -ne (enclitic/particle) | question mark / turns a statement into a question | Wiktionary | ||
| nimis (nimius, nimium) | too much, excessively (often with genitive) | Wiktionary | ||
| non | not | Wiktionary | ||
| nondum | not yet | Wiktionary | ||
| nonne | introduces a question expecting a “yes” answer (lit. “is it not so?”) | Wiktionary | ||
| num | introduces a question expecting a “no” answer | Wiktionary | ||
| numquam | never | Wiktionary | ||
| nunc | now | Wiktionary | ||
| parum | too little, not enough (n.b. can also be used as an indeclinable neuter noun, with the genitive) | Wiktionary | ||
| pridie | the day before (used with acc.) | Wiktionary | ||
| primum | at first, first of all, in the first place | Wiktionary | ||
| quam | as, than, how | Wiktionary | ||
| quamdiu, adv. | how long? | Wiktionary | ||
| quando | when, at what time | Wiktionary | ||
| quo | where to, where, whither | Wiktionary | ||
| quomodo | how, in what way | Wiktionary | ||
| recte | correctly, rightly; used with a verb of speaking to mean “to be right” | Wiktionary | ||
| rursus | again, back | Wiktionary | ||
| saepe | often, frequently, usually | Wiktionary | ||
| satis, sat | enough, sufficiently (n.b can also be used as a neuter noun, with the genitive) | Wiktionary | ||
| semper | always | Wiktionary | ||
| sic | so, thus, in such a manner | Wiktionary | ||
| tum (tunc) | then, at that time | Wiktionary | ||
| ubi | where | Wiktionary | ||
| ubique | everywhere | Wiktionary | ||
| unde | from where?, whence? | Wiktionary | ||
| ut (adv.) | how, in what way, as (we’ll encounter ut again in the future, as a conjunction meaning “in order that”, but it is also used commonly as an adverb) | Wiktionary | ||
| valde | greatly, very | Wiktionary | ||
| vero | in truth, truly, in fact | Wiktionary | ||
| vespere/vesperi (adv. or abl. s.) | in the evening, at evening time | Wiktionary |
Interjections
| Latin | Audio (classical) | Audio (Ecclesiastical) | English | Wiktionary link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ecce | behold!, look!, here is, there is | Wiktionary |
Conjunctions
| Latin | Audio (classical) | Audio (Ecclesiastical) | English | Wiktionary link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| at | but atque (ac) and | Wiktionary | ||
| aut | or | Wiktionary | ||
| aut...aut | either...or | Wiktionary | ||
| autem (postpositive) | however, but, on the other hand | Wiktionary | ||
| cum | when, as, while, since | Wiktionary | ||
| dum | while, as long as | Wiktionary | ||
| enim (postpositive) | for, because, indeed, in fact | Wiktionary | ||
| et | and | Wiktionary | ||
| et...et | both...and | Wiktionary | ||
| etiam | even, also | Wiktionary | ||
| itaque (conj.) | therefore, and so | Wiktionary | ||
| neque (nec) | and not, nor | Wiktionary | ||
| neque...neque (nec...nec) | neither...nor | Wiktionary | ||
| -que | and (This conjunction form is an enclitic, tacked on to the end of the second word to be joined, e.g. “pueri puellaeque” boys and girls.) | Wiktionary | ||
| quod | because | Wiktionary | ||
| sed | but | Wiktionary | ||
| si | if | Wiktionary | ||
| tamen | yet, nevertheless | Wiktionary | ||
| vel | or | Wiktionary |
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